{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414622738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10731-0","title":"DeepCodeProbe: Evaluating Code Representation Quality in Models Trained on Code","display_name":"DeepCodeProbe: Evaluating Code Representation Quality in Models Trained on Code","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414622738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10731-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-025-10731-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10731-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076505896","display_name":"Vahid Majdinasab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4411-0810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Majdinasab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4411-0810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079607563","display_name":"Amin Nikanjam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0440-6839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115038","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/026venb53","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Nikanjam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Distributed Scheduling and Data Engine Lab, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Distributed Scheduling and Data Engine Lab, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071052367","display_name":"Foutse Khomh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5704-4173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Foutse Khomh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076505896"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36249969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.6402000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5321999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-smell","display_name":"Code smell","score":0.4747999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-program-analysis","display_name":"Static program analysis","score":0.4424000084400177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.6402000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5321999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133237599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295111","display_name":"Code smell","level":5,"score":0.4747999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39329999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.392300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121957198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14365593","display_name":"KPI-driven code analysis","level":5,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199519371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942695","display_name":"Source lines of code","level":3,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10272871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929972","display_name":"Software inspection","level":5,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86610423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1925081","display_name":"Metamodeling","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509989072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15188241","display_name":"Model-driven architecture","level":4,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244916","display_name":"Intermediate language","level":3,"score":0.26460000872612}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-025-10731-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10731-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:68934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/68934/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article de revue"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309949","display_name":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01sdtdd95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334618","display_name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02eqrsj93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965443741","https://openalex.org/W1972978214","https://openalex.org/W2019608710","https://openalex.org/W2064682105","https://openalex.org/W2065053490","https://openalex.org/W2072750798","https://openalex.org/W2101832700","https://openalex.org/W2122992911","https://openalex.org/W2134973266","https://openalex.org/W2138068140","https://openalex.org/W2153491803","https://openalex.org/W2236940837","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2282866165","https://openalex.org/W2511803001","https://openalex.org/W2548165777","https://openalex.org/W2605202003","https://openalex.org/W2767717989","https://openalex.org/W2772617084","https://openalex.org/W2883359218","https://openalex.org/W2884276923","https://openalex.org/W2886081451","https://openalex.org/W2888557792","https://openalex.org/W2899384793","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2945440850","https://openalex.org/W2945976633","https://openalex.org/W2951941824","https://openalex.org/W2955230520","https://openalex.org/W2955426500","https://openalex.org/W2955767826","https://openalex.org/W2963355447","https://openalex.org/W2963381560","https://openalex.org/W2963868406","https://openalex.org/W2964183261","https://openalex.org/W2964303116","https://openalex.org/W2964303497","https://openalex.org/W2970862333","https://openalex.org/W2972082064","https://openalex.org/W2979271470","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W2980998888","https://openalex.org/W2993743533","https://openalex.org/W3005940936","https://openalex.org/W3006491415","https://openalex.org/W3014128644","https://openalex.org/W3034689979","https://openalex.org/W3034763191","https://openalex.org/W3035305735","https://openalex.org/W3035718362","https://openalex.org/W3037458976","https://openalex.org/W3043761819","https://openalex.org/W3045279034","https://openalex.org/W3045334720","https://openalex.org/W3086449553","https://openalex.org/W3089621332","https://openalex.org/W3098121686","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3100925971","https://openalex.org/W3104991709","https://openalex.org/W3114632476","https://openalex.org/W3118485687","https://openalex.org/W3123545166","https://openalex.org/W3162962341","https://openalex.org/W3177441850","https://openalex.org/W3182543254","https://openalex.org/W3193682477","https://openalex.org/W3198685994","https://openalex.org/W3202070718","https://openalex.org/W3212083716","https://openalex.org/W4205371973","https://openalex.org/W4205596491","https://openalex.org/W4206238894","https://openalex.org/W4214548153","https://openalex.org/W4221166942","https://openalex.org/W4284685949","https://openalex.org/W4284687350","https://openalex.org/W4284705844","https://openalex.org/W4284710241","https://openalex.org/W4293509738","https://openalex.org/W4313549837","https://openalex.org/W4377194214","https://openalex.org/W4385572925","https://openalex.org/W4385573657","https://openalex.org/W4389519352","https://openalex.org/W4389633693","https://openalex.org/W4390490761","https://openalex.org/W4396773582","https://openalex.org/W4402442387","https://openalex.org/W4402835391","https://openalex.org/W4403447861","https://openalex.org/W4407551092"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}