{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414447885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10703-4","title":"Underproduction analysis of open source software","display_name":"Underproduction analysis of open source software","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414447885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10703-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-025-10703-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10703-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032792363","display_name":"Kaylea Champion","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6196-942X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaylea Champion","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication, University of Washington, 4109 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA","Department of Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6196-942X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, University of Washington, 4109 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002440488","display_name":"Benjamin Mako Hill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8588-7429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58610484","display_name":"Seattle University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqc0m91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Mako Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication, University of Washington, 4109 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA","Department of Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, University of Washington, 4109 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98185, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication, University of Washington, Seattle, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I58610484"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002440488","https://openalex.org/A5032792363"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I58610484"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35177105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5776000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-technical-review","display_name":"Software technical review","score":0.5271999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-analytics","display_name":"Software analytics","score":0.5088000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"Open source software","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4936000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-peer-review","display_name":"Software peer review","score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-software-engineering","display_name":"Social software engineering","score":0.4578999876976013}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5909000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5776000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5587999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6586637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554372","display_name":"Software technical review","level":5,"score":0.5271999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171981572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554239","display_name":"Software analytics","level":5,"score":0.5088000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988343187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130645","display_name":"Open source software","level":3,"score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4936000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74579156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554342","display_name":"Software peer review","level":5,"score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182500959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551380","display_name":"Social software engineering","level":5,"score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.4375999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46110900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11702993","display_name":"Software walkthrough","level":5,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1702721","display_name":"Personal software process","level":5,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123551368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7122888","display_name":"Package development process","level":5,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180152950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2904257","display_name":"Software development process","level":4,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51845450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421651","display_name":"Team software process","level":5,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202105479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265013","display_name":"Software evolution","level":5,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201515116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554363","display_name":"Software sizing","level":5,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114713312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551269","display_name":"Social network analysis","level":3,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174683762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609588","display_name":"Component-based software engineering","level":4,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-025-10703-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10703-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6069973258","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-11356","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306151","funder_display_name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G899985455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-2045055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306151","display_name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/052csg198"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":95,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14801904","https://openalex.org/W67710644","https://openalex.org/W129684012","https://openalex.org/W950821216","https://openalex.org/W1481793996","https://openalex.org/W1533820539","https://openalex.org/W1540640608","https://openalex.org/W1541057432","https://openalex.org/W1896125358","https://openalex.org/W1995340053","https://openalex.org/W1997944906","https://openalex.org/W1998672825","https://openalex.org/W2000181257","https://openalex.org/W2006624349","https://openalex.org/W2008946935","https://openalex.org/W2011683521","https://openalex.org/W2012668456","https://openalex.org/W2015964913","https://openalex.org/W2019923146","https://openalex.org/W2031181124","https://openalex.org/W2037786492","https://openalex.org/W2038767206","https://openalex.org/W2049992102","https://openalex.org/W2062347230","https://openalex.org/W2065314038","https://openalex.org/W2076810390","https://openalex.org/W2079643892","https://openalex.org/W2088828681","https://openalex.org/W2089763487","https://openalex.org/W2093125667","https://openalex.org/W2099162911","https://openalex.org/W2110245743","https://openalex.org/W2112736324","https://openalex.org/W2124100711","https://openalex.org/W2124477160","https://openalex.org/W2129234233","https://openalex.org/W2139528385","https://openalex.org/W2142958724","https://openalex.org/W2148647131","https://openalex.org/W2149231960","https://openalex.org/W2157307214","https://openalex.org/W2169490891","https://openalex.org/W2216482079","https://openalex.org/W2252608406","https://openalex.org/W2394773035","https://openalex.org/W2480380490","https://openalex.org/W2550961655","https://openalex.org/W2580729925","https://openalex.org/W2735173242","https://openalex.org/W2767247175","https://openalex.org/W2781731163","https://openalex.org/W2790844416","https://openalex.org/W2795523340","https://openalex.org/W2808562228","https://openalex.org/W2883645417","https://openalex.org/W2884230692","https://openalex.org/W2890328489","https://openalex.org/W2898668372","https://openalex.org/W2899036005","https://openalex.org/W2900538539","https://openalex.org/W2903126489","https://openalex.org/W2913025439","https://openalex.org/W2917402277","https://openalex.org/W2923833659","https://openalex.org/W2946567467","https://openalex.org/W2962426767","https://openalex.org/W2963531473","https://openalex.org/W2971087011","https://openalex.org/W2983995785","https://openalex.org/W3006038537","https://openalex.org/W3014665085","https://openalex.org/W3015174650","https://openalex.org/W3029879311","https://openalex.org/W3076816946","https://openalex.org/W3096185692","https://openalex.org/W3099190612","https://openalex.org/W3099230022","https://openalex.org/W3101805417","https://openalex.org/W3104384593","https://openalex.org/W3105037104","https://openalex.org/W3137149983","https://openalex.org/W3162016526","https://openalex.org/W4210942585","https://openalex.org/W4224280851","https://openalex.org/W4230601891","https://openalex.org/W4255589644","https://openalex.org/W4256609717","https://openalex.org/W4296839441","https://openalex.org/W4312749465","https://openalex.org/W4389162182","https://openalex.org/W4390920886","https://openalex.org/W4400680187","https://openalex.org/W4400680718","https://openalex.org/W4400920480","https://openalex.org/W4406949512"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}