{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408946557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10637-x","title":"DeepCSS: severity classification for code smell based on deep learning","display_name":"DeepCSS: severity classification for code smell based on deep learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408946557","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10637-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-025-10637-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10637-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354600","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-2660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34155123","display_name":"Hebei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3pkk68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-2660","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390387","display_name":"Chunhui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7225-2870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34155123","display_name":"Hebei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3pkk68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101599634","display_name":"Kun Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8966-1184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34155123","display_name":"Hebei University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3pkk68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033964118","display_name":"Grant Meredith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8972-4547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149672521","display_name":"Federation University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbzwv83","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grant Meredith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100354600"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34155123"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4536,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93526443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6346368789672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5636218786239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5157034993171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.48444464802742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3477246165275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2308478057384491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6346368789672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5636218786239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5157034993171692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.48444464802742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3477246165275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2308478057384491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-025-10637-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-025-10637-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W649920412","https://openalex.org/W1965725964","https://openalex.org/W1970210446","https://openalex.org/W1974655094","https://openalex.org/W1991172342","https://openalex.org/W2004833623","https://openalex.org/W2007425631","https://openalex.org/W2032348489","https://openalex.org/W2064873664","https://openalex.org/W2095938258","https://openalex.org/W2097987957","https://openalex.org/W2099535882","https://openalex.org/W2102049362","https://openalex.org/W2102193394","https://openalex.org/W2103134547","https://openalex.org/W2133345877","https://openalex.org/W2138394111","https://openalex.org/W2141069252","https://openalex.org/W2145700761","https://openalex.org/W2151295763","https://openalex.org/W2152976736","https://openalex.org/W2153216417","https://openalex.org/W2164566712","https://openalex.org/W2290314319","https://openalex.org/W2608628736","https://openalex.org/W2735119047","https://openalex.org/W2738950715","https://openalex.org/W2750638176","https://openalex.org/W2908058835","https://openalex.org/W3112073754","https://openalex.org/W3196318039","https://openalex.org/W4233562928","https://openalex.org/W4252512533","https://openalex.org/W4385382627","https://openalex.org/W4387078716","https://openalex.org/W6631884668","https://openalex.org/W6756821666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3082895349"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-27T08:28:00.272161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}