{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406475914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-024-10585-y","title":"How do developers use type inference: an exploratory study in Kotlin","display_name":"How do developers use type inference: an exploratory study in Kotlin","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406475914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-024-10585-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-024-10585-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-024-10585-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014047598","display_name":"Samuel W. Flint","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-9710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuel W. Flint","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-9710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025736372","display_name":"Ali M. Keshk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6122-2342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali M. Keshk","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6122-2342","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057293289","display_name":"Robert Dyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9571-5567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Dyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9571-5567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030064922","display_name":"Hamid Bagheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6686-466X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Bagheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6686-466X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014047598"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.915,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83747503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.537892758846283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5257261991500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-research","display_name":"Exploratory research","score":0.5028476119041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-inference","display_name":"Type inference","score":0.45461875200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.34139421582221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2555854618549347}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.537892758846283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5257261991500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.5028476119041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198370458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586459","display_name":"Type inference","level":3,"score":0.45461875200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34139421582221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2555854618549347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-024-10585-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-024-10585-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2981208218","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-2139845","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4564468650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-2124116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5763832766","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1755890","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/01mng8331"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W291475576","https://openalex.org/W1911092300","https://openalex.org/W1971634047","https://openalex.org/W1975976188","https://openalex.org/W1986899979","https://openalex.org/W2031648200","https://openalex.org/W2035206966","https://openalex.org/W2036676170","https://openalex.org/W2050823810","https://openalex.org/W2068245608","https://openalex.org/W2077337386","https://openalex.org/W2086141560","https://openalex.org/W2100044779","https://openalex.org/W2106558531","https://openalex.org/W2107686020","https://openalex.org/W2129377409","https://openalex.org/W2138707512","https://openalex.org/W2142181967","https://openalex.org/W2143712427","https://openalex.org/W2471471388","https://openalex.org/W2617588282","https://openalex.org/W2762844179","https://openalex.org/W2794494697","https://openalex.org/W2885579409","https://openalex.org/W2888268504","https://openalex.org/W2899384793","https://openalex.org/W2965512201","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3090167548","https://openalex.org/W3091119136","https://openalex.org/W3094052853","https://openalex.org/W3098470576","https://openalex.org/W3099583967","https://openalex.org/W3173513046","https://openalex.org/W3206925941","https://openalex.org/W4232691406","https://openalex.org/W4241904514","https://openalex.org/W4244009405","https://openalex.org/W4308643048","https://openalex.org/W4312430708","https://openalex.org/W4312876227","https://openalex.org/W4384009653","https://openalex.org/W6600600098","https://openalex.org/W6911609755","https://openalex.org/W6969259846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W4297831890","https://openalex.org/W2804371217","https://openalex.org/W2963764498","https://openalex.org/W2068383718","https://openalex.org/W4246881098"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}