{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390411712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-023-10421-9","title":"Using knowledge units of programming languages to recommend reviewers for pull requests: an empirical study","display_name":"Using knowledge units of programming languages to recommend reviewers for pull requests: an empirical study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390411712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-023-10421-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-023-10421-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-023-10421-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093613443","display_name":"Md Ahasanuzzaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-2741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Ahasanuzzaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-2741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054670737","display_name":"Gustavo A. Oliva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5419-9284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo A. Oliva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091586373","display_name":"Ahmed E. Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-5513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed E. Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Analysis and Intelligence Lab (SAIL), School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054670737","https://openalex.org/A5091586373","https://openalex.org/A5093613443"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93973355,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7903510332107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.7284716367721558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operationalization","display_name":"Operationalization","score":0.6748767495155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6451098918914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.6364651918411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6090868711471558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.5994203090667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45489683747291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4332502484321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-review","display_name":"Code review","score":0.41275274753570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.39752447605133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.392708420753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3735044002532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.34547629952430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.3234940469264984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.17222121357917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.16307544708251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.12298116087913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07586172223091125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7903510332107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.7284716367721558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.6748767495155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6451098918914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.6364651918411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6090868711471558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.5994203090667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45489683747291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4332502484321594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.41275274753570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.39752447605133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.392708420753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3735044002532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34547629952430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3234940469264984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.17222121357917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.16307544708251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.12298116087913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07586172223091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-023-10421-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-023-10421-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576040511","https://openalex.org/W1864426277","https://openalex.org/W1968881027","https://openalex.org/W1975318342","https://openalex.org/W1985557852","https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W1998900885","https://openalex.org/W2005504865","https://openalex.org/W2006533296","https://openalex.org/W2014712740","https://openalex.org/W2019790506","https://openalex.org/W2025700486","https://openalex.org/W2051766512","https://openalex.org/W2067096279","https://openalex.org/W2070321219","https://openalex.org/W2075367182","https://openalex.org/W2083973186","https://openalex.org/W2096390285","https://openalex.org/W2098975596","https://openalex.org/W2099242680","https://openalex.org/W2099332975","https://openalex.org/W2101503248","https://openalex.org/W2109742433","https://openalex.org/W2116888726","https://openalex.org/W2127190390","https://openalex.org/W2134040744","https://openalex.org/W2138621811","https://openalex.org/W2140952846","https://openalex.org/W2142043911","https://openalex.org/W2145793758","https://openalex.org/W2148854374","https://openalex.org/W2153853754","https://openalex.org/W2162541525","https://openalex.org/W2166414580","https://openalex.org/W2229220273","https://openalex.org/W2288177242","https://openalex.org/W2344103814","https://openalex.org/W2344367508","https://openalex.org/W2385483600","https://openalex.org/W2405387975","https://openalex.org/W2474835145","https://openalex.org/W2510265546","https://openalex.org/W2510867924","https://openalex.org/W2512328062","https://openalex.org/W2522291077","https://openalex.org/W2559885217","https://openalex.org/W2567878593","https://openalex.org/W2574100359","https://openalex.org/W2610560201","https://openalex.org/W2731743750","https://openalex.org/W2748078017","https://openalex.org/W2767894015","https://openalex.org/W2785918262","https://openalex.org/W2889280807","https://openalex.org/W2899407111","https://openalex.org/W2914582798","https://openalex.org/W2921250636","https://openalex.org/W2922100358","https://openalex.org/W2939025323","https://openalex.org/W2959310500","https://openalex.org/W2971087011","https://openalex.org/W2972039441","https://openalex.org/W2990072405","https://openalex.org/W3009994513","https://openalex.org/W3010919326","https://openalex.org/W3016077482","https://openalex.org/W3090548469","https://openalex.org/W3091115553","https://openalex.org/W3095553902","https://openalex.org/W3101741091","https://openalex.org/W3103880005","https://openalex.org/W3109504448","https://openalex.org/W3118405434","https://openalex.org/W3163607216","https://openalex.org/W3173944821","https://openalex.org/W3176242639","https://openalex.org/W4205513494","https://openalex.org/W4234346598","https://openalex.org/W4235786747","https://openalex.org/W4246032972","https://openalex.org/W4248164203","https://openalex.org/W4250023757","https://openalex.org/W4250687526","https://openalex.org/W4284708678","https://openalex.org/W4285394558","https://openalex.org/W4308643125","https://openalex.org/W4313058388"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944277854","https://openalex.org/W2258359646","https://openalex.org/W2493324121","https://openalex.org/W2483613126","https://openalex.org/W4234402960","https://openalex.org/W4210958110","https://openalex.org/W4210994448","https://openalex.org/W4386824558","https://openalex.org/W204135935","https://openalex.org/W2097838441"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-04T08:30:34.212998","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}