{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281678800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-022-10145-2","title":"Practitioners\u2019 best practices to Adopt, Use or Abandon Model-based Testing with Graphical models for Software-intensive Systems","display_name":"Practitioners\u2019 best practices to Adopt, Use or Abandon Model-based Testing with Graphical models for Software-intensive Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281678800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-022-10145-2","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35668867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-022-10145-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-022-10145-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-022-10145-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-022-10145-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090568205","display_name":"Emil Al\u00e9groth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7526-3727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emil Al\u00e9groth","raw_affiliation_strings":["SERL Sweden Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SERL Sweden Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054254019","display_name":"Kristian Karl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristian Karl","raw_affiliation_strings":["SERL Sweden Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SERL Sweden Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042138098","display_name":"Helena Rosshagen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helena Rosshagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["SERL Sweden Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SERL Sweden Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044466725","display_name":"Tomas Helmfridsson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomas Helmfridsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["SERL Sweden Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SERL Sweden Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059304686","display_name":"N. Olsson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nils Olsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["SERL Sweden Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SERL Sweden Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090568205"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":3.1858,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92878203,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"103","last_page":"103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/best-practice","display_name":"Best practice","score":0.595529317855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mindset","display_name":"Mindset","score":0.5353755354881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5217931270599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4569869041442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44315865635871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.4416421949863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3802034854888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.36268195509910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26949343085289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1722981333732605}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.595529317855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778491294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339824","display_name":"Mindset","level":2,"score":0.5353755354881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5217931270599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4569869041442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44315865635871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.4416421949863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3802034854888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.36268195509910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26949343085289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1722981333732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-022-10145-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-022-10145-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-022-10145-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35668867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35668867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical software engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:bth-23494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-23494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9149667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9149667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Empir Softw Eng","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-022-10145-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-022-10145-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10664-022-10145-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3698464087","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20180102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321759","funder_display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321759","display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling","ror":"https://ror.org/02cbq7e25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323802","display_name":"Blekinge Tekniska H\u00f6gskola","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281678800.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281678800.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509343160","https://openalex.org/W1962872449","https://openalex.org/W1987382793","https://openalex.org/W2119296494","https://openalex.org/W2130422196","https://openalex.org/W2150498437","https://openalex.org/W2155210285","https://openalex.org/W2156835762","https://openalex.org/W2162739315","https://openalex.org/W2171912244","https://openalex.org/W2294985518","https://openalex.org/W2485305062","https://openalex.org/W2552079288","https://openalex.org/W2581010780","https://openalex.org/W2690085423","https://openalex.org/W2744105774","https://openalex.org/W2759114566","https://openalex.org/W2760748819","https://openalex.org/W2765801063","https://openalex.org/W2808023677","https://openalex.org/W2888223970","https://openalex.org/W2897254132","https://openalex.org/W2899480532","https://openalex.org/W2914817353","https://openalex.org/W2947291131","https://openalex.org/W2961781658","https://openalex.org/W3137432650","https://openalex.org/W3138895913","https://openalex.org/W3146484529","https://openalex.org/W3158023114","https://openalex.org/W3159888105","https://openalex.org/W3176481263","https://openalex.org/W4231824416","https://openalex.org/W4238014149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281773849","https://openalex.org/W2908046332","https://openalex.org/W4386786145","https://openalex.org/W3009062738","https://openalex.org/W4232834483","https://openalex.org/W3192666801","https://openalex.org/W4239175313","https://openalex.org/W3163116104","https://openalex.org/W4389580136","https://openalex.org/W2792238217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Model-based":[1],"testing":[2],"(MBT)":[3],"has":[4,22,27],"been":[5,23,28],"extensively":[6],"researched":[7],"for":[8,34,91,168,260],"software-intensive":[9],"systems":[10],"but,":[11],"despite":[12],"the":[13,18,74,169,175,188,210,226,235],"academic":[14],"interest,":[15],"adoption":[16,192],"of":[17,47,70,79,129,174,190,193,205],"technique":[19,236],"in":[20,52,73,133,198,247],"industry":[21],"sparse.":[24],"This":[25,63],"phenomenon":[26],"observed":[29],"by":[30,67,149,209],"our":[31],"industrial":[32,153,199,261],"partners":[33],"MBT":[35,49,87,92,131,150,194,206,267],"with":[36,93,125,195,266,268],"graphical":[37,94,196,269],"models.":[38,95,270],"They":[39],"perceive":[40],"one":[41],"cause":[42],"to":[43,54,83,99,102,106,111,225,237,263],"be":[44,238],"a":[45,68,255],"lack":[46,69,189],"evidence-based":[48],"guidelines":[50,72,165,245],"that,":[51],"addition":[53],"technical":[55,203],"guidelines,":[56],"also":[57],"take":[58],"non-technical":[59],"aspects":[60,204],"into":[61],"account.":[62],"hypothesis":[64],"is":[65,82,119],"supported":[66],"such":[71],"literature.":[75],"Objective:":[76],"The":[77,96,244],"objective":[78],"this":[80,248],"study":[81],"elicit,":[84],"and":[85,104,147,172,180,219,231],"synthesize,":[86],"experts\u2019":[88],"best":[89],"practices":[90],"results":[97,140,211],"aim":[98],"give":[100,107],"guidance":[101,259],"practitioners":[103,262],"aspire":[105],"researchers":[108],"new":[109],"insights":[110,182],"inspire":[112],"future":[113],"research.":[114],"Method:":[115],"An":[116],"interview":[117],"survey":[118],"conducted":[120],"using":[121],"deep,":[122],"semi-structured,":[123],"interviews":[124],"an":[126,242],"international":[127],"sample":[128],"17":[130],"experts,":[132],"different":[134],"roles,":[135],"from":[136,152,161],"software":[137],"industry.":[138],"Interview":[139],"are":[141,159,166,183,207],"synthesised":[142,157],"through":[143],"semantic":[144],"equivalence":[145],"analysis":[146],"verified":[148],"experts":[151],"practice.":[154,200],"Results:":[155],"13":[156],"conclusions":[158,215],"drawn":[160],"which":[162],"23":[163],"best-practice":[164],"derived":[167],"adoption,":[170],"use":[171],"abandonment":[173],"technique.":[176],"In":[177],"addition,":[178],"observations":[179],"expert":[181],"discussed":[184],"that":[185,216,233],"help":[186],"explain":[187],"wide-spread":[191],"models":[197],"Conclusions:":[201],"Several":[202],"covered":[208],"as":[212,214,254],"well":[213],"cover":[217],"process-":[218],"organizational":[220],"factors.":[221],"These":[222],"factors":[223],"relate":[224],"mindset,":[227],"knowledge,":[228],"organization,":[229],"mandate":[230],"resources":[232],"enable":[234],"used":[239],"effectively":[240],"within":[241],"organization.":[243],"presented":[246],"work":[249],"complement":[250],"existing":[251],"knowledge":[252],"and,":[253],"primary":[256],"objective,":[257],"provide":[258],"better":[264],"succeed":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}