{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2200427962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-015-9414-4","title":"On the use of many quality attributes for software refactoring: a many-objective search-based software engineering approach","display_name":"On the use of many quality attributes for software refactoring: a many-objective search-based software engineering approach","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2200427962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-015-9414-4","mag":"2200427962"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-015-9414-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-015-9414-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067869262","display_name":"Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-7561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI, USA","University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024207305","display_name":"Marouane Kessentini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marouane Kessentini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI, USA","University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080575230","display_name":"Slim Bechikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1378-7415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Slim Bechikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI, USA","University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Dearborn, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003615384","display_name":"Mel \u00d3 Cinn\u00e9ide","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-7056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mel O\u0301 Cinne\u0301ide","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088394271","display_name":"Kalyanmoy Deb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7402-9939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalyanmoy Deb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067869262"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.7298,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99198026,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"2503","last_page":"2545"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.9413347244262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-based-software-engineering","display_name":"Search-based software engineering","score":0.7004557847976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6040810346603394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5048606991767883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.49283313751220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.49144065380096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.47909215092658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.47346606850624084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.43317461013793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4247579872608185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.4221184253692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.38722363114356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.2582218647003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2165142297744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09578418731689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.08432582020759583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.9413347244262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139143892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7441615","display_name":"Search-based software engineering","level":5,"score":0.7004557847976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6040810346603394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5048606991767883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.49283313751220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.49144065380096436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.47909215092658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.47346606850624084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.43317461013793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4247579872608185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.4221184253692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.38722363114356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.2582218647003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2165142297744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09578418731689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.08432582020759583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-015-9414-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-015-9414-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64202747","https://openalex.org/W104681139","https://openalex.org/W144571061","https://openalex.org/W147953256","https://openalex.org/W1479746624","https://openalex.org/W1487083903","https://openalex.org/W1494946506","https://openalex.org/W1525982877","https://openalex.org/W1588375755","https://openalex.org/W1591635931","https://openalex.org/W1595498733","https://openalex.org/W1637866372","https://openalex.org/W1785944873","https://openalex.org/W1968219458","https://openalex.org/W1973681806","https://openalex.org/W1977321274","https://openalex.org/W1984230543","https://openalex.org/W1988163489","https://openalex.org/W1988748355","https://openalex.org/W1997255903","https://openalex.org/W1997612947","https://openalex.org/W2018948722","https://openalex.org/W2022485595","https://openalex.org/W2024352272","https://openalex.org/W2024527596","https://openalex.org/W2025075564","https://openalex.org/W2027121241","https://openalex.org/W2030158765","https://openalex.org/W2039978418","https://openalex.org/W2044258615","https://openalex.org/W2051510548","https://openalex.org/W2061250489","https://openalex.org/W2071694551","https://openalex.org/W2080390769","https://openalex.org/W2085507535","https://openalex.org/W2085922383","https://openalex.org/W2087305857","https://openalex.org/W2089929273","https://openalex.org/W2091055889","https://openalex.org/W2091064206","https://openalex.org/W2092382400","https://openalex.org/W2099613036","https://openalex.org/W2102257063","https://openalex.org/W2105824307","https://openalex.org/W2106013472","https://openalex.org/W2108968575","https://openalex.org/W2111540240","https://openalex.org/W2111555385","https://openalex.org/W2116555342","https://openalex.org/W2116610783","https://openalex.org/W2117850004","https://openalex.org/W2120493990","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2128802947","https://openalex.org/W2130877788","https://openalex.org/W2131670083","https://openalex.org/W2132882782","https://openalex.org/W2134203992","https://openalex.org/W2136136908","https://openalex.org/W2136386226","https://openalex.org/W2137747365","https://openalex.org/W2139074146","https://openalex.org/W2139111262","https://openalex.org/W2141069252","https://openalex.org/W2141682682","https://openalex.org/W2143381319","https://openalex.org/W2147926599","https://openalex.org/W2148933727","https://openalex.org/W2148974547","https://openalex.org/W2151295763","https://openalex.org/W2153365511","https://openalex.org/W2153887189","https://openalex.org/W2154693991","https://openalex.org/W2154705416","https://openalex.org/W2156016433","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W2163648239","https://openalex.org/W2167363007","https://openalex.org/W2170176908","https://openalex.org/W2171240827","https://openalex.org/W2250322698","https://openalex.org/W2335552303","https://openalex.org/W3148057751","https://openalex.org/W3190102376","https://openalex.org/W4234886888","https://openalex.org/W4255176593","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1938356314","https://openalex.org/W2607267665","https://openalex.org/W4255825301","https://openalex.org/W3037923580","https://openalex.org/W2294716178","https://openalex.org/W2099613036","https://openalex.org/W3124296310","https://openalex.org/W2212955619","https://openalex.org/W19337650","https://openalex.org/W2011987811"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}