{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1985308454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-014-9301-4","title":"An experiment on the effectiveness and efficiency of exploratory testing","display_name":"An experiment on the effectiveness and efficiency of exploratory testing","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1985308454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-014-9301-4","mag":"1985308454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-014-9301-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-014-9301-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-6727","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015132481","display_name":"Wasif Afzal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-2655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wasif Afzal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s,, Sweden","(School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s,, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085857685","display_name":"Ahmad Nauman Ghazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9336-4361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Nauman Ghazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-37179, Karlskrona, Sweden","Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden SE-37179#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-37179, Karlskrona, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden SE-37179#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049069760","display_name":"Juha Itkonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9084-495X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Itkonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng., Aalto Univ., Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng., Aalto Univ., Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030588511","display_name":"Richard Torkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0118-8143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Torkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology|University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology|University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology|University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912","https://openalex.org/I881427289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology|University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110129097","display_name":"Anneliese Andrews","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anneliese Andrews","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA","University of Denver, Denver, USA CO 80208#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Denver, Denver, USA CO 80208#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028140100","display_name":"Khurram Iftikhar Bhatti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52719799","display_name":"Blekinge Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0093a8w51","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khurram Bhatti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-37179, Karlskrona, Sweden","Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden SE-37179#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-37179, Karlskrona, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden SE-37179#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52719799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015132481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4165,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95304847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"844","last_page":"878"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.48871588706970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.42342519760131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4191087484359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.37545666098594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3708789348602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3648453950881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3427242636680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3355177342891693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23187893629074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14752888679504395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48871588706970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.42342519760131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4191087484359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.37545666098594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3708789348602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3648453950881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3427242636680603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3355177342891693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23187893629074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14752888679504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-014-9301-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-014-9301-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:bth-6727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-6727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:bth-6727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-6727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80456078","https://openalex.org/W84082018","https://openalex.org/W150374354","https://openalex.org/W329402186","https://openalex.org/W647286294","https://openalex.org/W1028073721","https://openalex.org/W1481784587","https://openalex.org/W1494749758","https://openalex.org/W1511267087","https://openalex.org/W1560914538","https://openalex.org/W1564623840","https://openalex.org/W1593867524","https://openalex.org/W1835657407","https://openalex.org/W1866037163","https://openalex.org/W1965335252","https://openalex.org/W1966256586","https://openalex.org/W1966631994","https://openalex.org/W1972478306","https://openalex.org/W1992602600","https://openalex.org/W1992940889","https://openalex.org/W2008347524","https://openalex.org/W2025084145","https://openalex.org/W2046039173","https://openalex.org/W2046895806","https://openalex.org/W2055975932","https://openalex.org/W2068127755","https://openalex.org/W2075699551","https://openalex.org/W2078169626","https://openalex.org/W2097109917","https://openalex.org/W2101848183","https://openalex.org/W2104125629","https://openalex.org/W2107031757","https://openalex.org/W2108555190","https://openalex.org/W2110337982","https://openalex.org/W2111199933","https://openalex.org/W2111289258","https://openalex.org/W2113045705","https://openalex.org/W2117899164","https://openalex.org/W2118542736","https://openalex.org/W2120813060","https://openalex.org/W2122979964","https://openalex.org/W2125759561","https://openalex.org/W2127868142","https://openalex.org/W2128204165","https://openalex.org/W2130422196","https://openalex.org/W2132840411","https://openalex.org/W2134691366","https://openalex.org/W2135841285","https://openalex.org/W2138468895","https://openalex.org/W2140152108","https://openalex.org/W2143712427","https://openalex.org/W2147617769","https://openalex.org/W2154516928","https://openalex.org/W2155680523","https://openalex.org/W2157657084","https://openalex.org/W2159143689","https://openalex.org/W2161995730","https://openalex.org/W2163851162","https://openalex.org/W2164355447","https://openalex.org/W2167926541","https://openalex.org/W2171811202","https://openalex.org/W2186046355","https://openalex.org/W3010856131","https://openalex.org/W4229772528","https://openalex.org/W4236200536","https://openalex.org/W4248558009","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1922851888","https://openalex.org/W641782856","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4376453582","https://openalex.org/W2406961220","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W3147033875","https://openalex.org/W24443521","https://openalex.org/W2764722704","https://openalex.org/W2471323292"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}