{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2023617068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-009-9125-9","title":"An empirical study on the efficiency of different design pattern representations in UML class diagrams","display_name":"An empirical study on the efficiency of different design pattern representations in UML class diagrams","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2023617068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-009-9125-9","mag":"2023617068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-009-9125-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-009-9125-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047981566","display_name":"Gerardo Cepeda Porras","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111842","display_name":"Computer Research Institute of Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0279d5115","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111842"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161954","display_name":"D\u00e9partement d'Informatique","ror":"https://ror.org/05y6rqs46","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I4210161954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerardo Cepeda Porras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ptidej Team, D\u00e9partement d\u2019informatique et de recherche op\u00e9rationnelle, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada","Ptidej Team, D\u00e9partement d'informatique et de recherche op\u00e9rationnelle, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ptidej Team, D\u00e9partement d\u2019informatique et de recherche op\u00e9rationnelle, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111842","https://openalex.org/I4210161954","https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ptidej Team, D\u00e9partement d'informatique et de recherche op\u00e9rationnelle, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048594006","display_name":"Yann\u2010Ga\u00ebl Gu\u00e9h\u00e9neuc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-2563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yann-Ga\u00ebl Gu\u00e9h\u00e9neuc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ptidej Team, D\u00e9partement de g\u00e9nie informatique et g\u00e9nie logiciel, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada","Ptidej Team, D\u00e9partement de g\u00e9nie informatique et g\u00e9nie logiciel, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ptidej Team, D\u00e9partement de g\u00e9nie informatique et g\u00e9nie logiciel, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ptidej Team, D\u00e9partement de g\u00e9nie informatique et g\u00e9nie logiciel, \u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048594006"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.975,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98832193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"493","last_page":"522"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.759834885597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applications-of-uml","display_name":"Applications of UML","score":0.7348085641860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-modeling-language","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","score":0.714719831943512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-diagram","display_name":"Class diagram","score":0.6939175128936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uml-tool","display_name":"UML tool","score":0.6621407270431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.510303258895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"Program comprehension","score":0.5085235834121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.48101645708084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-design-pattern","display_name":"Software design pattern","score":0.4791652262210846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.43742990493774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.39709287881851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3461371064186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.27197563648223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2635118365287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21570563316345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.1801910102367401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.759834885597229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41298492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781506","display_name":"Applications of UML","level":4,"score":0.7348085641860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145644426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169411","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","level":3,"score":0.714719831943512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202446494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664166","display_name":"Class diagram","level":4,"score":0.6939175128936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146939238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2467310","display_name":"UML tool","level":4,"score":0.6621407270431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.510303258895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.5085235834121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48101645708084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146054899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181156","display_name":"Software design pattern","level":3,"score":0.4791652262210846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.43742990493774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.39709287881851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3461371064186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.27197563648223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2635118365287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21570563316345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.1801910102367401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-009-9125-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-009-9125-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:17753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/17753/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article de revue"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10938879","https://openalex.org/W170842476","https://openalex.org/W1502938161","https://openalex.org/W1509829056","https://openalex.org/W1518862265","https://openalex.org/W1538622809","https://openalex.org/W1574278914","https://openalex.org/W1619579880","https://openalex.org/W1649645444","https://openalex.org/W1919947777","https://openalex.org/W1954896785","https://openalex.org/W1975033347","https://openalex.org/W1977901513","https://openalex.org/W1981753533","https://openalex.org/W1983705529","https://openalex.org/W1989951611","https://openalex.org/W1992602600","https://openalex.org/W2013112874","https://openalex.org/W2017061765","https://openalex.org/W2023159994","https://openalex.org/W2028406056","https://openalex.org/W2031043538","https://openalex.org/W2043007010","https://openalex.org/W2049514555","https://openalex.org/W2093699991","https://openalex.org/W2099067221","https://openalex.org/W2100336184","https://openalex.org/W2102418365","https://openalex.org/W2112970105","https://openalex.org/W2119033617","https://openalex.org/W2145766279","https://openalex.org/W2152549137","https://openalex.org/W2158338135","https://openalex.org/W2162363818","https://openalex.org/W2170304315","https://openalex.org/W2170335039","https://openalex.org/W2248892774","https://openalex.org/W2475705026","https://openalex.org/W2991364903","https://openalex.org/W3089202867","https://openalex.org/W4229772528","https://openalex.org/W4234281341","https://openalex.org/W4246711535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387087283","https://openalex.org/W2139608660","https://openalex.org/W2112630554","https://openalex.org/W2908933429","https://openalex.org/W2169013090","https://openalex.org/W1993659806","https://openalex.org/W145682561","https://openalex.org/W1608633941","https://openalex.org/W1981740698","https://openalex.org/W2523308016"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
