{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978103393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-006-9021-5","title":"Can observational techniques help novices overcome the software inspection learning curve? An empirical investigation","display_name":"Can observational techniques help novices overcome the software inspection learning curve? An empirical investigation","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978103393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-006-9021-5","mag":"1978103393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-006-9021-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-006-9021-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005826696","display_name":"Jeffrey C. Carver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7824-9151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Carver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027573308","display_name":"Forrest Shull","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162509","display_name":"Fraunhofer USA Center Mid-Atlantic CMA","ror":"https://ror.org/05sz9gw20","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161623","https://openalex.org/I4210162509","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Forrest Shull","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162509","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162509","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011045475","display_name":"Victor R. Basili","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162509","display_name":"Fraunhofer USA Center Mid-Atlantic CMA","ror":"https://ror.org/05sz9gw20","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161623","https://openalex.org/I4210162509","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Basili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, USA","Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162509","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162509","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005826696"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95592533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"523","last_page":"539"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study","display_name":"Observational study","score":0.7337556481361389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-curve","display_name":"Learning curve","score":0.635352611541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6068500280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.4969651997089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4830256402492523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3789994418621063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3763558268547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35259944200515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1497061848640442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14480480551719666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08720922470092773}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.7337556481361389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34585555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368723","display_name":"Learning curve","level":2,"score":0.635352611541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6068500280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4969651997089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4830256402492523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3789994418621063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3763558268547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35259944200515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1497061848640442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14480480551719666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08720922470092773}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10664-006-9021-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10664-006-9021-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109852484","display_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","issn_l":"1382-3256","issn":["1382-3256","1573-7616"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.141.7071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.141.7071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.msstate.edu/~carver/Papers/EMSE_11_4_Webversion.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-59573","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-59573.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer IESE","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/211510","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/211510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W616420716","https://openalex.org/W1539952819","https://openalex.org/W1550766479","https://openalex.org/W1581356314","https://openalex.org/W1607841960","https://openalex.org/W1752512628","https://openalex.org/W1970565328","https://openalex.org/W1980277031","https://openalex.org/W1985431590","https://openalex.org/W2012686127","https://openalex.org/W2019692058","https://openalex.org/W2042258659","https://openalex.org/W2059554369","https://openalex.org/W2068127755","https://openalex.org/W2094419105","https://openalex.org/W2104915481","https://openalex.org/W2106925413","https://openalex.org/W2116541267","https://openalex.org/W2120813060","https://openalex.org/W2125447243","https://openalex.org/W2134516608","https://openalex.org/W2158118634","https://openalex.org/W2167517220","https://openalex.org/W2241763588","https://openalex.org/W2489865376","https://openalex.org/W3000835376","https://openalex.org/W4254650839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381328000","https://openalex.org/W2109147503","https://openalex.org/W2103779230","https://openalex.org/W2911339178","https://openalex.org/W334096847","https://openalex.org/W2322581019","https://openalex.org/W3141050733","https://openalex.org/W2030936866","https://openalex.org/W3141550469","https://openalex.org/W1533309927"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
