{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135196421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-026-13930-4","title":"How game elements are connected to motivational design in gamified geogebra learning environments: identifying design principles using ARCS theory","display_name":"How game elements are connected to motivational design in gamified geogebra learning environments: identifying design principles using ARCS theory","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135196421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-026-13930-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-026-13930-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-026-13930-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-026-13930-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-026-13930-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117409678","display_name":"Jonas Mayrhofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3571-0934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Mayrhofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Open Digital Education, School of Education, STEM Education, Johannes Kepler University, Science Park 5, 432 Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 68, Linz, 4040, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3571-0934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Open Digital Education, School of Education, STEM Education, Johannes Kepler University, Science Park 5, 432 Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 68, Linz, 4040, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117409679","display_name":"Selina Baldinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5326-8209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Selina Baldinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Open Digital Education, School of Education, STEM Education, Johannes Kepler University, Science Park 5, 432 Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 68, Linz, 4040, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5326-8209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Open Digital Education, School of Education, STEM Education, Johannes Kepler University, Science Park 5, 432 Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 68, Linz, 4040, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077263629","display_name":"Robert Weinhandl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5525-6404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Weinhandl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Open Digital Education, School of Education, STEM Education, Johannes Kepler University, Science Park 5, 432 Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 68, Linz, 4040, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5525-6404","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Open Digital Education, School of Education, STEM Education, Johannes Kepler University, Science Park 5, 432 Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 68, Linz, 4040, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5117409678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24793534,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"10","first_page":"3431","last_page":"3474"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.8075000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.8075000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10130","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","score":0.026200000196695328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.010599999688565731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instructional-design","display_name":"Instructional design","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-design","display_name":"Game design","score":0.49639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-elements-and-principles","display_name":"Design elements and principles","score":0.4740999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-analysis","display_name":"Thematic analysis","score":0.4607999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-based-learning","display_name":"Game based learning","score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grounded-theory","display_name":"Grounded theory","score":0.35179999470710754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159456220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667334","display_name":"Instructional design","level":2,"score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503285160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858057","display_name":"Game design","level":2,"score":0.49639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4742000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33276779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943363","display_name":"Design elements and principles","level":2,"score":0.4740999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.4607999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3917999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982948194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140363","display_name":"Game based learning","level":2,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92393732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790374","display_name":"Learning theory","level":2,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780468074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16628824","display_name":"Digital learning","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778365744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2426689","display_name":"Learning environment","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146854351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1433910","display_name":"Self-determination theory","level":3,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96427005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98442705","display_name":"Learning sciences","level":3,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48262172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16908765","display_name":"Design process","level":3,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144229578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3467934","display_name":"Design education","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778494344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5264236","display_name":"Design-based research","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018311702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362435","display_name":"Motivation to learn","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780103759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5264375","display_name":"Design science","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34972735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267","display_name":"Engineering design process","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124216869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621833","display_name":"Design strategy","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7692612","display_name":"Technology integration","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43971567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142865","display_name":"Logical reasoning","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-026-13930-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-026-13930-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-026-13930-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epub.jku.at/:13488033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://epub.jku.at/doi/10.1007/s10639-026-13930-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401788","display_name":"University Library Linz repository (Johannes Kepler Universitat Linz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","host_organization_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-026-13930-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-026-13930-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-026-13930-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7840845584869385}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7135196421.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7135196421.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1979621293","https://openalex.org/W1981425990","https://openalex.org/W2023718959","https://openalex.org/W2056569531","https://openalex.org/W2117692546","https://openalex.org/W2149490731","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2232823086","https://openalex.org/W2480764363","https://openalex.org/W2503653630","https://openalex.org/W2540499017","https://openalex.org/W2566152916","https://openalex.org/W2591357775","https://openalex.org/W2794495222","https://openalex.org/W2797581104","https://openalex.org/W2894887677","https://openalex.org/W2900844513","https://openalex.org/W2901736561","https://openalex.org/W2971486546","https://openalex.org/W2992121599","https://openalex.org/W3010389440","https://openalex.org/W3010425548","https://openalex.org/W3023737633","https://openalex.org/W3040105342","https://openalex.org/W3042860537","https://openalex.org/W3123811346","https://openalex.org/W3130431100","https://openalex.org/W3166654252","https://openalex.org/W3191036075","https://openalex.org/W4213427484","https://openalex.org/W4223590759","https://openalex.org/W4224216628","https://openalex.org/W4226445622","https://openalex.org/W4230398714","https://openalex.org/W4283696045","https://openalex.org/W4289865886","https://openalex.org/W4293060971","https://openalex.org/W4293213834","https://openalex.org/W4296785191","https://openalex.org/W4312204119","https://openalex.org/W4362703696","https://openalex.org/W4382173315","https://openalex.org/W4390061376","https://openalex.org/W4390955670","https://openalex.org/W4392434730","https://openalex.org/W4395695231","https://openalex.org/W4407641138"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,167],"overall":[2],"positive":[3],"effects":[4,238],"of":[5,10,36,52,54,80,90,110,132,142,180,194,222,235,239],"gamification":[6,29,38,46,57,108,223,240],"(i.e.,":[7],"the":[8,25,34,37,44,67,87,120,129,140,174,186,207,236],"integration":[9],"game":[11,82,98,202],"elements":[12,83,99,203],"in":[13,49,71,139,173,211,224,241],"learning":[14,93,113,152,215,227,252],"environments)":[15],"on":[16,24,128],"student":[17],"motivation":[18],"are":[19,84,204],"backed":[20],"by":[21],"various":[22],"meta-studies":[23],"matter.":[26],"However,":[27],"most":[28],"studies":[30],"fail":[31],"to":[32,75,86,206],"take":[33],"design":[35,47,58,70,89,131,177,209,220,246],"environment":[39,114],"into":[40],"consideration.":[41],"Not":[42],"considering":[43],"specific":[45,56],"results":[48],"a":[50,77,111,212,232],"lack":[51],"understanding":[53,79,234],"how":[55,64,81,96,200],"strategies":[59],"should":[60,100],"be":[61,101],"employed":[62],"and":[63,95,150,164,178,190,243],"these":[65,97,133],"affect":[66],"environment\u2019s":[68],"motivational":[69,88,130,195,208,237],"particular.":[72],"We":[73],"aim":[74],"facilitate":[76,231],"better":[78,233],"connected":[85,205],"digital":[91,112,225],"mathematics":[92,116,122,214,226,251],"environments":[94,253],"implemented.":[102],"To":[103],"this":[104],"end,":[105],"five":[106],"different":[107,201],"variations":[109,134],"for":[115,176,248],"were":[117,135],"created":[118],"using":[119,162,254],"dynamic":[121],"software":[123],"GeoGebra.":[124,255],"Afterwards,":[125],"interviews":[126],"focusing":[127],"conducted":[136,161],"with":[137],"experts":[138],"field":[141],"educational":[143],"material":[144],"development":[145],"(":[146,154],"n":[147,155],"=":[148,156],"7)":[149],"gameful":[151],"research":[153,179],"6).":[157],"Thematic":[158],"analysis":[159],"was":[160,171],"deductive":[163,168],"inductive":[165],"coding.":[166],"coding":[169],"process":[170],"grounded":[172],"framework":[175],"gamified":[181,213,250],"systems,":[182],"as":[183,185],"well":[184],"attention,":[187],"relevance,":[188],"confidence,":[189],"satisfaction":[191],"(ARCS)":[192,210],"theory":[193],"design.":[196],"Our":[197],"findings":[198],"show":[199],"environment.":[216],"Additionally,":[217],"we":[218],"present":[219],"principles":[221],"environments.":[228],"These":[229],"insights":[230],"education":[242],"provide":[244],"expert-derived":[245],"recommendations":[247],"designing":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T20:08:15.867695","created_date":"2026-03-14T00:00:00"}