{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409819562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13582-w","title":"Cognitive enhancement through competency-based programming education: a 12-year longitudinal study","display_name":"Cognitive enhancement through competency-based programming education: a 12-year longitudinal study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409819562","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13582-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13582-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13582-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-025-13582-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-025-13582-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043520199","display_name":"Dunhong Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5742-9583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12393601","display_name":"Huaihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zn6xq74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12393601"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dunhong Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control Technology for Wuling-Mountain Ecological Agriculture in Hunan Province, Huaihua, 418000, China","Key Laboratory of Wuling-Mountain Health Big Data Intelligent Processing and Application in Hunan Province Universities, Huaihua, 418000, China","School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5742-9583","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control Technology for Wuling-Mountain Ecological Agriculture in Hunan Province, Huaihua, 418000, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Wuling-Mountain Health Big Data Intelligent Processing and Application in Hunan Province Universities, Huaihua, 418000, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12393601"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103011149","display_name":"Jing Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3235-1718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12393601","display_name":"Huaihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zn6xq74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12393601"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control Technology for Wuling-Mountain Ecological Agriculture in Hunan Province, Huaihua, 418000, China","Key Laboratory of Wuling-Mountain Health Big Data Intelligent Processing and Application in Hunan Province Universities, Huaihua, 418000, China","School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3235-1718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control Technology for Wuling-Mountain Ecological Agriculture in Hunan Province, Huaihua, 418000, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Wuling-Mountain Health Big Data Intelligent Processing and Application in Hunan Province Universities, Huaihua, 418000, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12393601"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103011149"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12393601"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"fwci":8.2965,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98168595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"14","first_page":"20347","last_page":"20383"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13106","display_name":"Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13106","display_name":"Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.968500018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14263","display_name":"Professional Masters Programs Analysis","score":0.9567000269889832,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5791063904762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.5270923376083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-study","display_name":"Longitudinal study","score":0.47550779581069946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.47276929020881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4397231638431549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4333385229110718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"Medical education","score":0.3263102173805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.16845113039016724}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5791063904762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.5270923376083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.47550779581069946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47276929020881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4397231638431549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4333385229110718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3263102173805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16845113039016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13582-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13582-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-025-13582-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13582-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13582-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-025-13582-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409819562.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409819562.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175517644","https://openalex.org/W1916419380","https://openalex.org/W1971425307","https://openalex.org/W1975111566","https://openalex.org/W1976519002","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W1992394443","https://openalex.org/W2006500696","https://openalex.org/W2021713143","https://openalex.org/W2026276785","https://openalex.org/W2038273275","https://openalex.org/W2039804457","https://openalex.org/W2041552566","https://openalex.org/W2043945487","https://openalex.org/W2068560094","https://openalex.org/W2078909467","https://openalex.org/W2079997543","https://openalex.org/W2090471876","https://openalex.org/W2103483792","https://openalex.org/W2124725480","https://openalex.org/W2135943618","https://openalex.org/W2137070227","https://openalex.org/W2148540129","https://openalex.org/W2259318523","https://openalex.org/W2550806833","https://openalex.org/W2595191847","https://openalex.org/W2611719809","https://openalex.org/W2710192386","https://openalex.org/W2738454914","https://openalex.org/W2771709263","https://openalex.org/W2772098890","https://openalex.org/W2793684058","https://openalex.org/W2803600538","https://openalex.org/W2804551015","https://openalex.org/W2886751322","https://openalex.org/W2889140186","https://openalex.org/W2906701905","https://openalex.org/W2908846362","https://openalex.org/W2910030526","https://openalex.org/W2910880405","https://openalex.org/W2920905574","https://openalex.org/W2966268134","https://openalex.org/W2969631980","https://openalex.org/W2971379799","https://openalex.org/W2971817801","https://openalex.org/W2998320953","https://openalex.org/W3010961338","https://openalex.org/W3013340905","https://openalex.org/W3026394608","https://openalex.org/W3031795264","https://openalex.org/W3096688585","https://openalex.org/W3112151195","https://openalex.org/W3119524296","https://openalex.org/W3121756082","https://openalex.org/W3135365791","https://openalex.org/W3159400870","https://openalex.org/W3182953431","https://openalex.org/W3210846516","https://openalex.org/W3216901860","https://openalex.org/W4200344673","https://openalex.org/W4200386129","https://openalex.org/W4200580565","https://openalex.org/W4207009873","https://openalex.org/W4213445428","https://openalex.org/W4220840682","https://openalex.org/W4234979820","https://openalex.org/W4239677523","https://openalex.org/W4247892860","https://openalex.org/W4255697435","https://openalex.org/W4280610263","https://openalex.org/W4283653563","https://openalex.org/W4313279577","https://openalex.org/W4313679915","https://openalex.org/W4361011546","https://openalex.org/W4366151848","https://openalex.org/W4367681086","https://openalex.org/W4368375538","https://openalex.org/W4382515868","https://openalex.org/W4387517526","https://openalex.org/W4387873106","https://openalex.org/W4388923443","https://openalex.org/W4389365236","https://openalex.org/W4390909913","https://openalex.org/W4390950080","https://openalex.org/W4391845207","https://openalex.org/W4391854384","https://openalex.org/W4392605513","https://openalex.org/W4395005724","https://openalex.org/W4398184034","https://openalex.org/W4398766020","https://openalex.org/W4399385665","https://openalex.org/W4399513649","https://openalex.org/W4399775214","https://openalex.org/W4400113962","https://openalex.org/W4400193831","https://openalex.org/W4400684434","https://openalex.org/W4412590724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2969294016","https://openalex.org/W4253927248","https://openalex.org/W2128573775","https://openalex.org/W3122974305","https://openalex.org/W1873561431","https://openalex.org/W2368927203","https://openalex.org/W4405758602","https://openalex.org/W4285799584","https://openalex.org/W2111142662","https://openalex.org/W2954397806"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programming":[0],"education":[1,30,197],"consistently":[2],"faces":[3],"challenges":[4],"in":[5,26,74,167,188,201],"bridging":[6],"theory":[7],"with":[8,40,57,99,138],"practice":[9],"and":[10,49,113,135,165],"fostering":[11],"students\u2019":[12,75],"cognitive":[13,76,126,151],"competencies.":[14],"This":[15,174],"12-year":[16],"longitudinal":[17],"study":[18,175],"(2011\u20132023)":[19],"investigates":[20],"an":[21],"innovative":[22],"competency-based":[23,186],"teaching":[24],"model":[25,121,187],"university":[27],"C":[28],"programming":[29,189],"that":[31],"integrates":[32],"six":[33],"educational":[34],"theories":[35],"into":[36],"a":[37,54,58,67,185,192],"coherent":[38],"framework":[39],"three":[41,147],"dimensions":[42],"(theoretical,":[43],"practical,":[44],"innovative),":[45],"four":[46],"integration":[47],"mechanisms,":[48],"five":[50],"combinatorial":[51],"strategies.":[52],"Using":[53],"mixed-methods":[55],"approach":[56,194],"quasi-experimental":[59],"design,":[60],"we":[61],"studied":[62],"4,051":[63],"undergraduate":[64],"students":[65],"from":[66],"Chinese":[68],"university.":[69],"Results":[70],"revealed":[71],"significant":[72],"enhancement":[73],"abilities,":[77],"as":[78],"measured":[79],"by":[80],"Raven\u2019s":[81],"Standard":[82],"Progressive":[83],"Matrices":[84],"(":[85,103,109,116,155,161,170],"t":[86],"(350)":[87],"=":[88,94,105,111,118,157,163,172],"8.76,":[89],"p":[90],"<":[91],"0.001,":[92],"d":[93],"0.68),":[95],"which":[96],"strongly":[97],"correlated":[98],"improved":[100],"academic":[101],"performance":[102],"r":[104,110,117],"0.62),":[106],"computational":[107],"thinking":[108],"0.71),":[112],"problem-solving":[114],"skills":[115],"0.67).":[119],"The":[120],"creates":[122],"multiple":[123],"pathways":[124],"for":[125,180],"development":[127],"through":[128],"synergistic":[129],"interactions":[130],"between":[131],"components,":[132],"promoting":[133],"collaboration":[134],"self-directed":[136],"learning":[137],"effects":[139],"extending":[140],"beyond":[141],"graduation.":[142],"Multiple":[143],"regression":[144],"analysis":[145],"identified":[146],"key":[148],"predictors":[149],"of":[150,184],"enhancement:":[152],"classroom":[153],"engagement":[154],"\u03b2":[156,162,171],"0.35),":[158],"project":[159],"completion":[160],"0.28),":[164],"participation":[166],"innovation":[168],"activities":[169],"0.22).":[173],"provides":[176],"robust":[177],"empirical":[178],"evidence":[179],"the":[181],"long-term":[182],"efficacy":[183],"education,":[190],"presenting":[191],"transformative":[193],"to":[195],"STEM":[196],"reform":[198],"particularly":[199],"relevant":[200],"rapidly":[202],"evolving":[203],"technological":[204],"landscapes.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}