{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390697346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12237-y","title":"Early childhood pre-service teachers\u2019 attitudes towards digital technologies and their relation to digital competence","display_name":"Early childhood pre-service teachers\u2019 attitudes towards digital technologies and their relation to digital competence","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390697346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12237-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-023-12237-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12237-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-023-12237-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-023-12237-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050047149","display_name":"Olli Merjovaara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6243-8783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olli Merjovaara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6243-8783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036676737","display_name":"Kenneth Eklund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3416-4700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Eklund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027481678","display_name":"Tuula Nousiainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7626-9773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuula Nousiainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Teacher Education, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Teacher Education, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005212367","display_name":"Satu Karjalainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1975-0074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satu Karjalainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079653401","display_name":"Merja Koivula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-0031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merja Koivula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042918624","display_name":"Arttu Mykk\u00e4nen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arttu Mykk\u00e4nen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education and Culture, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education and Culture, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001382659","display_name":"Raija H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3248-9619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","display_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raija H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050047149"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"fwci":13.7258,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98699819,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12338","display_name":"Digital literacy in education","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12338","display_name":"Digital literacy in education","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","score":0.6965599060058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.575465202331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-integration","display_name":"Technology integration","score":0.5094676613807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-acceptance-model","display_name":"Technology acceptance model","score":0.5041104555130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","score":0.46707800030708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.41381973028182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.3162168860435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.3077455461025238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.27849626541137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.26855871081352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2662290930747986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.6965599060058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.575465202331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7692612","display_name":"Technology integration","level":3,"score":0.5094676613807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776185967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112945","display_name":"Technology acceptance model","level":3,"score":0.5041104555130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.46707800030708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.41381973028182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.3162168860435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3077455461025238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.27849626541137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.26855871081352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2662290930747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-023-12237-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12237-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-023-12237-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jyx.jyu.fi:123456789/92945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202401191439","pdf_url":"https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstreams/276b92ca-8d13-437d-830a-a4e16d8e4d08/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400563","display_name":"Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Digital Archive (University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I94722563","host_organization_name":"University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94722563"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"A1"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/210232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/210232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-023-12237-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12237-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-023-12237-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7719365301","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"353325","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323168","display_name":"Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n Yliopisto","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3dz165"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390697346.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499368215","https://openalex.org/W1557992034","https://openalex.org/W1807256883","https://openalex.org/W2037557484","https://openalex.org/W2064430399","https://openalex.org/W2100379340","https://openalex.org/W2123184471","https://openalex.org/W2126789019","https://openalex.org/W2142358096","https://openalex.org/W2145443748","https://openalex.org/W2175179279","https://openalex.org/W2205649531","https://openalex.org/W2300589973","https://openalex.org/W2307370119","https://openalex.org/W2342881023","https://openalex.org/W2408665410","https://openalex.org/W2512866291","https://openalex.org/W2518879203","https://openalex.org/W2586196238","https://openalex.org/W2596455161","https://openalex.org/W2612186432","https://openalex.org/W2625526009","https://openalex.org/W2737135340","https://openalex.org/W2765528541","https://openalex.org/W2783555289","https://openalex.org/W2791650375","https://openalex.org/W2909087047","https://openalex.org/W2910533313","https://openalex.org/W2914983023","https://openalex.org/W2990829781","https://openalex.org/W3005787231","https://openalex.org/W3014420450","https://openalex.org/W3046792845","https://openalex.org/W3048316354","https://openalex.org/W3106640916","https://openalex.org/W3126053551","https://openalex.org/W4246284991","https://openalex.org/W4249722325","https://openalex.org/W4293764874","https://openalex.org/W4403229226","https://openalex.org/W6638313798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2303173273","https://openalex.org/W4389670110","https://openalex.org/W2296672062","https://openalex.org/W2181838399","https://openalex.org/W2046492287","https://openalex.org/W2959583403","https://openalex.org/W2130637816","https://openalex.org/W2610327823","https://openalex.org/W2604550836","https://openalex.org/W3136235071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2,193,215],"examines":[3],"early":[4,98],"childhood":[5,99],"pre-service":[6,65,100,208],"teachers\u2019":[7,66],"attitudes":[8,30,34,89,104,139,144,163,185,224],"towards":[9,21,31,35,105,145,164,186],"digital":[10,18,22,32,39,45,68,91,106,146,152,168,187,190,234],"technologies":[11,23,147,169,188],"and":[12,41,51,77,90,140,148,160,189,225],"their":[13,16,223,229],"relations":[14,87,183],"to":[15,63,84,157,195,217,232],"self-perceived":[17,67],"competence.":[19,69,92,141,191],"Attitudes":[20],"were":[24,61,82,155,170],"divided":[25],"into":[26],"core":[27],"attitudes:":[28],"general":[29,143],"technologies;":[33,40],"educational":[36,165],"use":[37,154,166,233],"of":[38,44,57,122,135,151,167,198,202,207],"perceived":[42,149],"ease":[43,150],"technology":[46,153],"use.":[47],"Technological":[48],"knowledge":[49,54],"[TK]":[50],"technological":[52],"content":[53],"[TCK]":[55],"dimensions":[56],"the":[58,86,95,97,111,115,136,173,182,196,204],"TPACK":[59],"framework":[60],"used":[62,83],"assess":[64],"Two":[70],"structural":[71],"equation":[72],"models,":[73],"a":[74,78,119,131,211],"correlated-traits":[75,116,174],"model":[76,117,129,175],"second-order":[79],"factor":[80],"model,":[81],"analyse":[85],"between":[88,138,184],"Based":[93],"on":[94],"results,":[96],"teachers":[101,209],"held":[102],"positive":[103],"technologies.":[107,235],"Both":[108],"models":[109],"fit":[110],"data":[112],"well,":[113],"but":[114],"explained":[118],"larger":[120],"portion":[121],"variance":[123],"in":[124,222],"competence":[125,231],"measures.":[126],"Moreover,":[127],"this":[128,214],"provided":[130],"more":[132],"fine-grained":[133],"picture":[134],"associations":[137],"The":[142,192],"related":[156],"both":[158],"TK":[159],"TCK,":[161],"whereas":[162],"not.":[171],"Therefore,":[172],"was":[176],"viewed":[177],"as":[178,210],"better":[179],"at":[180],"describing":[181],"contributes":[194],"development":[197],"teacher":[199],"education.":[200],"Instead":[201],"considering":[203],"current":[205],"generation":[206],"homogeneous":[212],"group,":[213],"aims":[216],"understand":[218],"how":[219,226],"they":[220,227],"differ":[221],"perceive":[228],"own":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}