{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308320805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11416-7","title":"A systematic review of teaching and learning machine learning in K-12 education","display_name":"A systematic review of teaching and learning machine learning in K-12 education","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308320805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11416-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-022-11416-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11416-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-022-11416-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-022-11416-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076869143","display_name":"Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-6684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ismaila Temitayo Sanusi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031929045","display_name":"Solomon Sunday Oyelere","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9895-6796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Solomon Sunday Oyelere","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, 931 87, Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, 931 87, Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083898518","display_name":"Henriikka Vartiainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6005-907X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henriikka Vartiainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, PO Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, PO Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037597113","display_name":"Jarkko Suhonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3501-6286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jarkko Suhonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016084249","display_name":"Markku Tukiainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-5248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markku Tukiainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076869143"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"fwci":35.4651,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":176,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99738577,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"5","first_page":"5967","last_page":"5997"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9261000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-development","display_name":"Professional development","score":0.6063682436943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.5827173590660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.5769979953765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject","display_name":"Subject (documents)","score":0.5380039215087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faculty-development","display_name":"Faculty development","score":0.4826410412788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.4477444291114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-research","display_name":"Educational research","score":0.43620216846466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-method","display_name":"Teaching method","score":0.41893669962882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.37500593066215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.371042937040329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.3635869026184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35444551706314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1456902027130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/library-science","display_name":"Library science","score":0.11176469922065735}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.6063682436943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5827173590660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.5769979953765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5380039215087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776893095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428888","display_name":"Faculty development","level":3,"score":0.4826410412788391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4477444291114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36727532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861399","display_name":"Educational research","level":2,"score":0.43620216846466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.41893669962882996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37500593066215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.371042937040329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3635869026184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35444551706314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1456902027130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.11176469922065735}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-022-11416-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11416-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-022-11416-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:ltu-93828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-93828","pdf_url":"https://ltu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1708818/FULLTEXT02","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-022-11416-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11416-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-022-11416-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308320805.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4308320805.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1104279325","https://openalex.org/W1596324102","https://openalex.org/W1801920193","https://openalex.org/W1992619186","https://openalex.org/W2032860265","https://openalex.org/W2050539739","https://openalex.org/W2067404301","https://openalex.org/W2105335341","https://openalex.org/W2105411710","https://openalex.org/W2132324096","https://openalex.org/W2166827970","https://openalex.org/W2277718088","https://openalex.org/W2542575942","https://openalex.org/W2613995098","https://openalex.org/W2790800646","https://openalex.org/W2801816216","https://openalex.org/W2807837817","https://openalex.org/W2898942041","https://openalex.org/W2903438107","https://openalex.org/W2909764871","https://openalex.org/W2910908867","https://openalex.org/W2911614557","https://openalex.org/W2922249865","https://openalex.org/W2941382599","https://openalex.org/W2948288662","https://openalex.org/W2956066828","https://openalex.org/W2958049922","https://openalex.org/W2964603799","https://openalex.org/W2965058023","https://openalex.org/W2971648834","https://openalex.org/W2972767871","https://openalex.org/W2972799415","https://openalex.org/W2981718944","https://openalex.org/W2983286965","https://openalex.org/W2989860017","https://openalex.org/W2995940251","https://openalex.org/W2997618083","https://openalex.org/W3033222216","https://openalex.org/W3033552209","https://openalex.org/W3035106668","https://openalex.org/W3035434890","https://openalex.org/W3036373993","https://openalex.org/W3037097818","https://openalex.org/W3037389942","https://openalex.org/W3038022479","https://openalex.org/W3040808649","https://openalex.org/W3041706899","https://openalex.org/W3047489882","https://openalex.org/W3086049162","https://openalex.org/W3092083327","https://openalex.org/W3106661898","https://openalex.org/W3111052088","https://openalex.org/W3111894497","https://openalex.org/W3126017685","https://openalex.org/W3132652407","https://openalex.org/W3134442660","https://openalex.org/W3135644340","https://openalex.org/W3160042174","https://openalex.org/W3162977957","https://openalex.org/W3192744758","https://openalex.org/W3196030323","https://openalex.org/W3197500039","https://openalex.org/W3198340118","https://openalex.org/W3202285365","https://openalex.org/W3205602845","https://openalex.org/W3212682459","https://openalex.org/W4200401025","https://openalex.org/W4205571956","https://openalex.org/W4206492610","https://openalex.org/W4213454675","https://openalex.org/W4220839568","https://openalex.org/W4225000370","https://openalex.org/W4240688900","https://openalex.org/W4243876664","https://openalex.org/W4245931425","https://openalex.org/W4251835991","https://openalex.org/W4253745723","https://openalex.org/W4289436677","https://openalex.org/W4295413191","https://openalex.org/W4412299546","https://openalex.org/W6770081268","https://openalex.org/W6797141053","https://openalex.org/W6893415770","https://openalex.org/W6982566537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3121682328","https://openalex.org/W1975703000","https://openalex.org/W3128650115","https://openalex.org/W2066068371","https://openalex.org/W1965639722","https://openalex.org/W1987210716","https://openalex.org/W3194726138","https://openalex.org/W2991932427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,103],"increasing":[2],"attention":[3],"to":[4,26,57,73,118,128,205],"Machine":[5],"Learning":[6],"(ML)":[7],"in":[8,42,60,63,83,174],"K-12":[9,20,43,84,201],"levels":[10],"and":[11,40,52,70,81,99,121,160,166,184,198],"studies":[12,126,147],"exploring":[13],"a":[14,153],"different":[15],"aspect":[16],"of":[17,50,78,105,145,155,164,169,209],"research":[18,36,203],"on":[19,37,131,149],"ML":[21,38,79,112,133,170,202],"has":[22,44],"necessitated":[23],"the":[24,47,53,61,91,146,181,207,210],"need":[25,56,127],"synthesize":[27],"this":[28,178],"existing":[29],"research.":[30,176],"This":[31],"study":[32,107,179],"systematically":[33],"reviewed":[34,67],"how":[35,132],"teaching":[39,82],"learning":[41,80],"fared,":[45],"including":[46],"current":[48],"area":[49],"focus,":[51],"gaps":[54,183],"that":[55,109],"be":[58,129,135,172],"addressed":[59],"literature":[62],"future":[64,175,187],"studies.":[65],"We":[66],"43":[68],"conference":[69],"journal":[71],"articles":[72],"analyze":[74],"specific":[75],"focus":[76,148],"areas":[77],"from":[85,90],"four":[86],"perspectives":[87],"as":[88],"derived":[89],"data:":[92],"curriculum":[93],"development,":[94,96,98],"technology":[95],"pedagogical":[97,150],"teacher":[100,156],"training/professional":[101],"development.":[102],"findings":[104,190],"our":[106],"reveal":[108],"(a)":[110],"additional":[111],"resources":[113],"are":[114],"needed":[115],"for":[116,186,193],"kindergarten":[117],"middle":[119],"school":[120],"informal":[122],"settings,":[123],"(b)":[124],"further":[125],"conducted":[130],"can":[134],"integrated":[136],"into":[137,200],"subject":[138],"domains":[139],"other":[140],"than":[141],"computing,":[142],"(c)":[143],"most":[144],"development":[151,158],"with":[152],"dearth":[154],"professional":[157],"programs,":[159],"(d)":[161],"more":[162],"evidence":[163],"societal":[165],"ethical":[167],"implications":[168],"should":[171],"considered":[173],"While":[177],"recognizes":[180],"present":[182],"direction":[185],"research,":[188],"these":[189],"provide":[191],"insight":[192],"educators,":[194],"practitioners,":[195],"instructional":[196],"designers,":[197],"researchers":[199],"trends":[204],"advance":[206],"quality":[208],"emerging":[211],"field.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
