{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3182431863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10629-6","title":"NOTA: a novel online teaching and assessment scheme using Blockchain for emergency cases","display_name":"NOTA: a novel online teaching and assessment scheme using Blockchain for emergency cases","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3182431863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10629-6","mag":"3182431863","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34248386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-021-10629-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10629-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-021-10629-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-021-10629-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023338607","display_name":"Anissa Cheriguene","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114564095","display_name":"University of Ouargla","ror":"https://ror.org/05amrd548","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114564095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50219554","display_name":"University of Laghouat","ror":"https://ror.org/018bbh535","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50219554"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anissa Cheriguene","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English Language and Literature, University of Ouargla, Ouargla, Algeria","Department of English, ENS of Laghouat, Laghouat, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English Language and Literature, University of Ouargla, Ouargla, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114564095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, ENS of Laghouat, Laghouat, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50219554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052848146","display_name":"Taieb Kabache","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50219554","display_name":"University of Laghouat","ror":"https://ror.org/018bbh535","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50219554"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taieb Kabache","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English, ENS of Laghouat, Laghouat, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, ENS of Laghouat, Laghouat, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50219554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091140244","display_name":"Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-519X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50219554","display_name":"University of Laghouat","ror":"https://ror.org/018bbh535","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50219554"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire d'Informatique et de Math\u00e9matique, Universit\u00e9 Amar Telidji de Laghouat, Po Box 7022, Oasis-Nord, Laghouat, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-519X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire d'Informatique et de Math\u00e9matique, Universit\u00e9 Amar Telidji de Laghouat, Po Box 7022, Oasis-Nord, Laghouat, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50219554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066242048","display_name":"Carlos T. Calafate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5729-3041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos T. Calafate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera, S/N, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera, S/N, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086152745","display_name":"Juan\u2010Carlos Cano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0038-0539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Carlos Cano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera, S/N, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera, S/N, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091140244"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50219554"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"fwci":8.5365,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97675702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"115","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13913","display_name":"Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning","score":0.945900022983551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9276814460754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.6114780306816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.597061038017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5936269760131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5931911468505859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.5594599843025208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4769933819770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4696235954761505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.4537142515182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.4175831973552704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.32012641429901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3019408583641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24846813082695007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.241260826587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13944584131240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12370461225509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.0736728310585022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9276814460754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.6114780306816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.597061038017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5936269760131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5931911468505859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5594599843025208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4769933819770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4696235954761505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.4537142515182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.4175831973552704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.32012641429901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3019408583641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24846813082695007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.241260826587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13944584131240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12370461225509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0736728310585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-021-10629-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10629-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-021-10629-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34248386","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34248386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and information technologies","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8254070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8254070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Educ Inf Technol (Dordr)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-021-10629-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10629-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-021-10629-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3182431863.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3182431863.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W893234787","https://openalex.org/W990832189","https://openalex.org/W1582547617","https://openalex.org/W1838111994","https://openalex.org/W1958178242","https://openalex.org/W1986191336","https://openalex.org/W2115833940","https://openalex.org/W2122285664","https://openalex.org/W2156349613","https://openalex.org/W2213863807","https://openalex.org/W2222291493","https://openalex.org/W2515649876","https://openalex.org/W2522361567","https://openalex.org/W2555456100","https://openalex.org/W2555782333","https://openalex.org/W2767365929","https://openalex.org/W2786019808","https://openalex.org/W2889009057","https://openalex.org/W2946587028","https://openalex.org/W2948267559","https://openalex.org/W2949820817","https://openalex.org/W3005143707","https://openalex.org/W3005943294","https://openalex.org/W3038053987","https://openalex.org/W3123765466","https://openalex.org/W4233921796","https://openalex.org/W4238261863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W2799059781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Technology":[0],"advancements":[1],"promote":[2],"a":[3,61,119,142],"redefinition":[4],"of":[5,14,71,136],"traditional":[6],"instructional":[7],"methodologies,":[8],"as":[9,11],"well":[10],"the":[12,31,37,48,76,85,115,125,134],"roles":[13],"teachers":[15,97],"and":[16,65,80,87,96],"learners":[17,95],"towards":[18],"an":[19],"efficient":[20],"e-learning":[21],"ecosystem.":[22],"To":[23,52],"date,":[24],"all":[25],"existing":[26],"solutions":[27],"are":[28],"combined":[29],"with":[30],"conventional":[32],"face-to-face":[33],"learning":[34],"process.":[35],"However,":[36],"latter":[38],"can":[39],"be":[40],"unexpectedly":[41],"hindered":[42],"in":[43,100],"some":[44],"emergency":[45],"cases,":[46],"like":[47],"Coronavirus":[49],"(COVID-19)":[50],"pandemic.":[51],"handle":[53],"such":[54],"unexpected":[55],"scenarios,":[56],"this":[57],"paper":[58],"presents":[59],"NOTA,":[60],"novel":[62],"online":[63],"teaching":[64,78],"assessment":[66,81],"scheme":[67],"that":[68],"takes":[69],"advantage":[70],"Blockchain":[72],"technology":[73],"to":[74,98],"maintain":[75],"expected":[77],"quality":[79],"fairness":[82],"while":[83],"respecting":[84],"courses'":[86],"examinations'":[88],"schedule.":[89],"Besides,":[90],"NOTA":[91],"also":[92],"motivates":[93],"both":[94],"persist":[99],"their":[101],"endeavours,":[102],"even":[103],"from":[104],"home,":[105],"through":[106],"Blockchain's":[107],"incentive":[108],"strategies.":[109],"The":[110],"preliminary":[111],"results":[112],"taken":[113],"during":[114],"CoronaVirus":[116],"period":[117],"showed":[118],"very":[120,131],"high":[121],"satisfaction":[122],"ratio,":[123],"exceeding":[124],"90%.":[126],"This":[127],"made":[128],"us":[129],"feel":[130],"optimistic":[132],"about":[133],"potential":[135],"our":[137],"proposal":[138],"when":[139],"deployed":[140],"at":[141],"larger":[143],"scale.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
