{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3176925061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10585-1","title":"Indian government E-learning initiatives in response to COVID-19 crisis: A case study on online learning in Indian higher education system","display_name":"Indian government E-learning initiatives in response to COVID-19 crisis: A case study on online learning in Indian higher education system","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3176925061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10585-1","mag":"3176925061","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34177350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-021-10585-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10585-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-021-10585-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-021-10585-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027792486","display_name":"Madanjit Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-6729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165682329","display_name":"Guru Nanak Dev University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ghzpa93","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165682329"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Madanjit Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-6729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165682329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047150771","display_name":"Sulaimon Oyeniyi Adebayo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-1781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165682329","display_name":"Guru Nanak Dev University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ghzpa93","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165682329"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sulaimon Oyeniyi Adebayo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165682329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025967090","display_name":"Munish Saini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4129-2591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165682329","display_name":"Guru Nanak Dev University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ghzpa93","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165682329"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Munish Saini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165682329"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015110544","display_name":"Jaswinder Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-341X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165682329","display_name":"Guru Nanak Dev University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ghzpa93","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165682329"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaswinder Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165682329"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027792486"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165682329"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"fwci":17.1675,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99379019,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"6","first_page":"7569","last_page":"7607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12395","display_name":"Educational Innovations and Technology","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.5421072840690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.5153447985649109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.48202669620513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-education","display_name":"Distance education","score":0.4582383632659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.4523991346359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.438012957572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3198867440223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.2542213797569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1937967836856842}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.5421072840690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5153447985649109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.48202669620513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503872463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159595","display_name":"Distance education","level":2,"score":0.4582383632659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.4523991346359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.438012957572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3198867440223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.2542213797569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1937967836856842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-021-10585-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10585-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-021-10585-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34177350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34177350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and information technologies","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8220884","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8220884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Educ Inf Technol (Dordr)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10639-021-10585-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10585-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10639-021-10585-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166722454","display_name":"Education and Information Technologies","issn_l":"1360-2357","issn":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Education and Information Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3176925061.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3176925061.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":116,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18463141","https://openalex.org/W66373487","https://openalex.org/W108253638","https://openalex.org/W210973819","https://openalex.org/W602224805","https://openalex.org/W1484286822","https://openalex.org/W1493665160","https://openalex.org/W1501172405","https://openalex.org/W1528704153","https://openalex.org/W1532731963","https://openalex.org/W1563918824","https://openalex.org/W1574447377","https://openalex.org/W1589325940","https://openalex.org/W1607974415","https://openalex.org/W1931480130","https://openalex.org/W1968683406","https://openalex.org/W1985780192","https://openalex.org/W2000304796","https://openalex.org/W2009188286","https://openalex.org/W2012439974","https://openalex.org/W2019260866","https://openalex.org/W2048935155","https://openalex.org/W2051954055","https://openalex.org/W2057012437","https://openalex.org/W2057363637","https://openalex.org/W2059891458","https://openalex.org/W2069165868","https://openalex.org/W2092769680","https://openalex.org/W2095822490","https://openalex.org/W2097041598","https://openalex.org/W2104847003","https://openalex.org/W2106717332","https://openalex.org/W2115176014","https://openalex.org/W2117710131","https://openalex.org/W2132939664","https://openalex.org/W2133248383","https://openalex.org/W2140594455","https://openalex.org/W2142601996","https://openalex.org/W2142801253","https://openalex.org/W2148325345","https://openalex.org/W2183979570","https://openalex.org/W2185762303","https://openalex.org/W2187765279","https://openalex.org/W2247660631","https://openalex.org/W2311992537","https://openalex.org/W2322695415","https://openalex.org/W2333101672","https://openalex.org/W2480719664","https://openalex.org/W2502561285","https://openalex.org/W2510365397","https://openalex.org/W2560909708","https://openalex.org/W2586241207","https://openalex.org/W2587926227","https://openalex.org/W2592781345","https://openalex.org/W2597824389","https://openalex.org/W2611998294","https://openalex.org/W2741206977","https://openalex.org/W2758985207","https://openalex.org/W2766858205","https://openalex.org/W2768337983","https://openalex.org/W2893386607","https://openalex.org/W2899080838","https://openalex.org/W2906951145","https://openalex.org/W2913838929","https://openalex.org/W2916191333","https://openalex.org/W2925052844","https://openalex.org/W2939960885","https://openalex.org/W2942903456","https://openalex.org/W2944988472","https://openalex.org/W2968091587","https://openalex.org/W2977820027","https://openalex.org/W2994732616","https://openalex.org/W3008590006","https://openalex.org/W3010466345","https://openalex.org/W3011345566","https://openalex.org/W3011680753","https://openalex.org/W3011819357","https://openalex.org/W3012189167","https://openalex.org/W3012591564","https://openalex.org/W3014347789","https://openalex.org/W3021778037","https://openalex.org/W3028371822","https://openalex.org/W3034307799","https://openalex.org/W3035591289","https://openalex.org/W3039557998","https://openalex.org/W3039678847","https://openalex.org/W3039824467","https://openalex.org/W3042170945","https://openalex.org/W3047381571","https://openalex.org/W3080448563","https://openalex.org/W3089028042","https://openalex.org/W3089504954","https://openalex.org/W3092356113","https://openalex.org/W3101739755","https://openalex.org/W3105658627","https://openalex.org/W3111022948","https://openalex.org/W3117454305","https://openalex.org/W3124671286","https://openalex.org/W4231378738","https://openalex.org/W4231745992","https://openalex.org/W4239203632","https://openalex.org/W4241183718","https://openalex.org/W4243120570","https://openalex.org/W4243611702","https://openalex.org/W4245826285","https://openalex.org/W4249549806","https://openalex.org/W4253153605","https://openalex.org/W4315866233","https://openalex.org/W4317646102","https://openalex.org/W6608530412","https://openalex.org/W6635217718","https://openalex.org/W6700680762","https://openalex.org/W6737200615","https://openalex.org/W6762381286","https://openalex.org/W7001764001","https://openalex.org/W7037616161"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2353933111","https://openalex.org/W2593304799","https://openalex.org/W2187475246","https://openalex.org/W2790605517","https://openalex.org/W2018736768","https://openalex.org/W615691981","https://openalex.org/W239536828","https://openalex.org/W2352353202","https://openalex.org/W205944190"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"the":[1,6,13,21,25,34,42,51,62,76,79,95,100,108,133,141,176,215,234,240],"whole":[2],"world":[3],"has":[4,183],"faced":[5],"deadliest":[7],"and":[8,29,47,61,66,90,126,146,162,204,207],"dangerous":[9],"consequences":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,114,120,123,191,223,230,243],"transmission":[14],"of":[15,23,36,44,50,64,81,97,135,143,149,165,198,212,214,226],"infectious":[16],"novel":[17],"coronavirus":[18],"(nCov).":[19],"With":[20],"outbreak":[22],"COVID-19,":[24],"education":[26,186],"learners,":[27],"practitioners,":[28],"other":[30],"stakeholders":[31],"were":[32],"at":[33,132],"sake":[35],"a":[37,209,219],"loss,":[38],"as":[39],"it":[40],"causes":[41],"suspension":[43],"physical":[45,48],"classes":[46],"interaction":[49],"learners.":[52],"In":[53],"these":[54,199],"circumstances,":[55],"Electronic":[56],"learning":[57],"(E-learning),":[58],"Online":[59],"learning,":[60,239],"use":[63],"Information":[65],"Communications":[67],"Technology":[68],"(ICT)":[69],"tools":[70],"came":[71],"in":[72,78,228,237],"handy.":[73],"It":[74,170],"helped":[75],"learners":[77,227],"dissemination":[80],"ideas,":[82],"conducting":[83],"online":[84,87,92,185,231,247],"classes,":[85],"making":[86],"discussion":[88],"forums,":[89],"taking":[91],"examinations.":[93],"Like":[94],"government":[96,102,179],"each":[98,181,197],"country,":[99],"Indian":[101,177],"was":[103,112],"also":[104],"caught":[105],"off-guard":[106],"but":[107],"existing":[109],"E-learning":[110],"infrastructure":[111],"able":[113],"leverage":[115],"on":[116],"while":[117],"devising":[118],"plans":[119],"tailor":[121],"them":[122],"new":[124,128],"situations":[125],"launching":[127],"ones.":[129],"The":[130],"initiatives":[131,187,200],"forefront":[134],"this":[136,238],"noble":[137],"battle":[138],"launched":[139],"by":[140,202],"Department":[142],"School":[144],"Education":[145],"Literacy,":[147],"Ministry":[148],"Human":[150],"Resources":[151,168],"Development":[152],"(MHRD)":[153],"includes":[154],"Diksha,":[155],"Swayam":[156],"Prabha":[157],"Channel,":[158],"Shiksha":[159],"Van,":[160],"E-Pathshala,":[161],"National":[163],"Repository":[164],"Open":[166],"Educational":[167],"(NROER).":[169],"worth":[171],"noting":[172],"that":[173,188],"apart":[174],"from":[175],"central":[178,203],"efforts,":[180],"state":[182,205],"various":[184],"are":[189],"tailored":[190],"their":[192],"needs.":[193],"This":[194],"research":[195],"evaluated":[196],"commenced":[201],"governments":[206],"present":[208],"detailed":[210],"analysis":[211],"most":[213],"relevant":[216],"initiatives.":[217],"Additionally,":[218],"survey":[220],"is":[221],"conducted":[222],"get":[224],"insights":[225],"concern":[229],"learning.":[232,248],"Despite":[233],"issues":[235],"raised":[236],"outcomes":[241],"come":[242],"be":[244],"satisfactorily":[245],"favoring":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-08T08:33:18.762332","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}