{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2150766729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10618-010-0175-9","title":"A survey of hierarchical classification across different application domains","display_name":"A survey of hierarchical classification across different application domains","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2150766729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10618-010-0175-9","mag":"2150766729"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10618-010-0175-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10618-010-0175-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121920818","display_name":"Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery","issn_l":"1384-5810","issn":["1384-5810","1573-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088179577","display_name":"Carlos N. Silla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1603-9378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlos N. Silla","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087201377","display_name":"Alex A. Freitas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9825-4700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex A. Freitas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088179577"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":46.5891,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1075,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99865686,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1-2","first_page":"31","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7282605171203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6931421756744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6276975870132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.6010146737098694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5843774676322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5787100195884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.444520503282547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42189139127731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4136617183685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.397105872631073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09874242544174194}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7282605171203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6931421756744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6276975870132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.6010146737098694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5843774676322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5787100195884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.444520503282547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42189139127731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4136617183685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.397105872631073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09874242544174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10618-010-0175-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10618-010-0175-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121920818","display_name":"Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery","issn_l":"1384-5810","issn":["1384-5810","1573-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":114,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41890578","https://openalex.org/W58430741","https://openalex.org/W60612729","https://openalex.org/W66954246","https://openalex.org/W76301927","https://openalex.org/W85880394","https://openalex.org/W100868894","https://openalex.org/W107342854","https://openalex.org/W112055733","https://openalex.org/W119778216","https://openalex.org/W130193107","https://openalex.org/W163946091","https://openalex.org/W175750906","https://openalex.org/W217834111","https://openalex.org/W564391039","https://openalex.org/W585685877","https://openalex.org/W1487445520","https://openalex.org/W1494184549","https://openalex.org/W1495816984","https://openalex.org/W1504091442","https://openalex.org/W1505791519","https://openalex.org/W1513683478","https://openalex.org/W1516359365","https://openalex.org/W1519389931","https://openalex.org/W1523949738","https://openalex.org/W1525398599","https://openalex.org/W1537592868","https://openalex.org/W1554219991","https://openalex.org/W1563942368","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1580018380","https://openalex.org/W1582839075","https://openalex.org/W1587664805","https://openalex.org/W1590163898","https://openalex.org/W1594868493","https://openalex.org/W1620204465","https://openalex.org/W1647060261","https://openalex.org/W1751470192","https://openalex.org/W1768675166","https://openalex.org/W1801907668","https://openalex.org/W1832535073","https://openalex.org/W1910192750","https://openalex.org/W1967542092","https://openalex.org/W1970719635","https://openalex.org/W1976420489","https://openalex.org/W1977224551","https://openalex.org/W1978329176","https://openalex.org/W1979003383","https://openalex.org/W1981745473","https://openalex.org/W1996227995","https://openalex.org/W1996560871","https://openalex.org/W2008031590","https://openalex.org/W2008835805","https://openalex.org/W2012514949","https://openalex.org/W2014566476","https://openalex.org/W2016799887","https://openalex.org/W2024876984","https://openalex.org/W2025047573","https://openalex.org/W2026401830","https://openalex.org/W2044923632","https://openalex.org/W2054039029","https://openalex.org/W2060900933","https://openalex.org/W2061988723","https://openalex.org/W2063862666","https://openalex.org/W2073830447","https://openalex.org/W2075216062","https://openalex.org/W2091961126","https://openalex.org/W2099789128","https://openalex.org/W2102313011","https://openalex.org/W2103017472","https://openalex.org/W2105573333","https://openalex.org/W2105842272","https://openalex.org/W2115620960","https://openalex.org/W2117225622","https://openalex.org/W2120971756","https://openalex.org/W2121526711","https://openalex.org/W2121893605","https://openalex.org/W2122600670","https://openalex.org/W2123096872","https://openalex.org/W2126165619","https://openalex.org/W2126631147","https://openalex.org/W2128933115","https://openalex.org/W2132201804","https://openalex.org/W2132826100","https://openalex.org/W2135140174","https://openalex.org/W2137332449","https://openalex.org/W2137810087","https://openalex.org/W2137917513","https://openalex.org/W2139500441","https://openalex.org/W2141714363","https://openalex.org/W2144664963","https://openalex.org/W2144894928","https://openalex.org/W2145697164","https://openalex.org/W2146241755","https://openalex.org/W2153838241","https://openalex.org/W2155440340","https://openalex.org/W2156465113","https://openalex.org/W2157438458","https://openalex.org/W2164066887","https://openalex.org/W2165853036","https://openalex.org/W2168606214","https://openalex.org/W2169284845","https://openalex.org/W2170505850","https://openalex.org/W2171066191","https://openalex.org/W2171889974","https://openalex.org/W2399353150","https://openalex.org/W2485247574","https://openalex.org/W2526526357","https://openalex.org/W2573642578","https://openalex.org/W2622581388","https://openalex.org/W3151772809","https://openalex.org/W4206049795","https://openalex.org/W4235457650","https://openalex.org/W4243874760"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975467175","https://openalex.org/W2149537132","https://openalex.org/W2045155990","https://openalex.org/W4313163053","https://openalex.org/W641279757","https://openalex.org/W1670566515","https://openalex.org/W370975646","https://openalex.org/W4300973204","https://openalex.org/W596972243","https://openalex.org/W1483408780"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":89},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":97},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":112},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":97},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":34}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}