{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2777077083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-017-9208-0","title":"Combining rule-based and statistical mechanisms for low-resource named entity recognition","display_name":"Combining rule-based and statistical mechanisms for low-resource named entity recognition","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2777077083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-017-9208-0","mag":"2777077083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10590-017-9208-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-017-9208-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95210917","display_name":"Machine Translation","issn_l":"0922-6567","issn":["0922-6567","1573-0573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Translation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102936432","display_name":"Ryan Gabbard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-9678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306686416","display_name":"RTX (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0354t7b78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Gabbard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Raytheon BBN Technologies, 10 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-9678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raytheon BBN Technologies, 10 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068459156","display_name":"Jay DeYoung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306686416","display_name":"RTX (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0354t7b78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay DeYoung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Raytheon BBN Technologies, 10 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raytheon BBN Technologies, 10 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025240237","display_name":"Constantine Lignos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6410-2848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306686416","display_name":"RTX (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0354t7b78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Constantine Lignos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Raytheon BBN Technologies, 10 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6410-2848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raytheon BBN Technologies, 10 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063784054","display_name":"Marjorie Freedman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-4273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306686416","display_name":"RTX (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0354t7b78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marjorie Freedman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Raytheon BBN Technologies, 10 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raytheon BBN Technologies, 10 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011618765","display_name":"Ralph Weischedel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306686416","display_name":"RTX (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0354t7b78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralph Weischedel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Raytheon BBN Technologies, 10 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raytheon BBN Technologies, 10 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102936432"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81566712,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1-2","first_page":"31","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.826949417591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.7325148582458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.7175999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5929412245750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5453840494155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-linguistics","display_name":"Computational linguistics","score":0.519908607006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.49204275012016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3450184464454651}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.826949417591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.7325148582458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.7175999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5929412245750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5453840494155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.519908607006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.49204275012016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3450184464454651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10590-017-9208-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-017-9208-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95210917","display_name":"Machine Translation","issn_l":"0922-6567","issn":["0922-6567","1573-0573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Translation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G211012689","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR0011-15-C-0113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135458787","https://openalex.org/W1533057952","https://openalex.org/W1623072288","https://openalex.org/W2000363133","https://openalex.org/W2067326963","https://openalex.org/W2144578941","https://openalex.org/W2146502635","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2296283641","https://openalex.org/W2463000881","https://openalex.org/W2557045710","https://openalex.org/W2825387888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4377865234","https://openalex.org/W2078793151","https://openalex.org/W3017222382","https://openalex.org/W3128216712","https://openalex.org/W3136915866","https://openalex.org/W2886890203","https://openalex.org/W4390279576","https://openalex.org/W4313535650","https://openalex.org/W2287770975","https://openalex.org/W2991463832"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
