{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968059702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-011-9102-0","title":"A comparison of segmentation methods and extended lexicon models for Arabic statistical machine translation","display_name":"A comparison of segmentation methods and extended lexicon models for Arabic statistical machine translation","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968059702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-011-9102-0","mag":"1968059702"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10590-011-9102-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-011-9102-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95210917","display_name":"Machine Translation","issn_l":"0922-6567","issn":["0922-6567","1573-0573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Translation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046421517","display_name":"Sa\u0161a Hasan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sa\u0161a Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik 6, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany","Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik 6, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany 52062#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik 6, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik 6, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany 52062#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070002963","display_name":"Saab Mansour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saab Mansour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik 6, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany","Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik 6, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany 52062#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik 6, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik 6, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany 52062#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112501010","display_name":"Hermann Ney","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hermann Ney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik 6, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany","Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik 6, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany 52062#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik 6, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Language Technology and Pattern Recognition Group, Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Informatik 6, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany 52062#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046421517"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07093085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1-2","first_page":"47","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8296428918838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.822564959526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.7518435716629028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.737797737121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7308803796768188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6952248811721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6319476962089539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modern-standard-arabic","display_name":"Modern Standard Arabic","score":0.5781025886535645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.5649035573005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5617266893386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.5030431151390076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-of-machine-translation","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","score":0.4928858280181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-linguistics","display_name":"Computational linguistics","score":0.49083954095840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.4639890193939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.4245832562446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.41067320108413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4075238108634949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.3574240803718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation-software-usability","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","score":0.18573206663131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1146920919418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09316837787628174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8296428918838501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.822564959526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.7518435716629028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.737797737121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7308803796768188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6952248811721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6319476962089539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778243841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56467","display_name":"Modern Standard Arabic","level":3,"score":0.5781025886535645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.5649035573005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5617266893386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.5030431151390076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135784402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6958279","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","level":5,"score":0.4928858280181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.49083954095840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.4639890193939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.4245832562446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41067320108413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4075238108634949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.3574240803718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148526163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723733","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","level":4,"score":0.18573206663131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1146920919418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09316837787628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10590-011-9102-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-011-9102-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95210917","display_name":"Machine Translation","issn_l":"0922-6567","issn":["0922-6567","1573-0573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Translation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34066323","https://openalex.org/W201141796","https://openalex.org/W1525582138","https://openalex.org/W1631260214","https://openalex.org/W1986361898","https://openalex.org/W1989705153","https://openalex.org/W1995560154","https://openalex.org/W1996903695","https://openalex.org/W2006969979","https://openalex.org/W2017802499","https://openalex.org/W2033830177","https://openalex.org/W2048978997","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2099765776","https://openalex.org/W2100976324","https://openalex.org/W2115717119","https://openalex.org/W2123893795","https://openalex.org/W2131988669","https://openalex.org/W2135161317","https://openalex.org/W2136925175","https://openalex.org/W2139183784","https://openalex.org/W2154091096","https://openalex.org/W2154988249","https://openalex.org/W2158678029","https://openalex.org/W2160538511","https://openalex.org/W2164394329","https://openalex.org/W2165132531","https://openalex.org/W2249434041","https://openalex.org/W2397605481","https://openalex.org/W2758219831","https://openalex.org/W4231678313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2753600765","https://openalex.org/W3204448004","https://openalex.org/W2122287718","https://openalex.org/W2740094425","https://openalex.org/W2962780935","https://openalex.org/W3196981096","https://openalex.org/W2109153187","https://openalex.org/W193726211","https://openalex.org/W2532807140","https://openalex.org/W4313908087"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}