{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2062154451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-005-2412-3","title":"A Methodology for Evaluating Arabic Machine Translation Systems","display_name":"A Methodology for Evaluating Arabic Machine Translation Systems","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2062154451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-005-2412-3","mag":"2062154451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10590-005-2412-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-005-2412-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95210917","display_name":"Machine Translation","issn_l":"0922-6567","issn":["0922-6567","1573-0573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Translation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036200309","display_name":"Ahmed Guessoum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3876-5204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Guessoum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031112227","display_name":"Rached Zantout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-928X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106106","display_name":"Rafik Hariri University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x1fdr51","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106106"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rached Zantout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Department of Computer and Communications Engineering, Hariri Canadian University, Mechref, Lebanon 2010#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Department of Computer and Communications Engineering, Hariri Canadian University, Mechref, Lebanon 2010#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106106"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2780,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2780},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5425,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80537638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"299","last_page":"335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.824965238571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7456070184707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-linguistics","display_name":"Computational linguistics","score":0.7285259962081909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.708420991897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.660228431224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5964691638946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5761493444442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-of-machine-translation","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","score":0.46660301089286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.4642292857170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.42062050104141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation-software-usability","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","score":0.41962379217147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2740374505519867}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.824965238571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7456070184707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.7285259962081909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.708420991897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.660228431224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5964691638946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5761493444442749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135784402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6958279","display_name":"Evaluation of machine translation","level":5,"score":0.46660301089286804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.4642292857170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.42062050104141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148526163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723733","display_name":"Machine translation software usability","level":4,"score":0.41962379217147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2740374505519867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10590-005-2412-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-005-2412-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95210917","display_name":"Machine Translation","issn_l":"0922-6567","issn":["0922-6567","1573-0573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Translation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322754","display_name":"Kansainv\u00e4lisen Liikkuvuuden ja Yhteisty\u00f6n Keskus","ror":"https://ror.org/00wj0f678"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127387441","https://openalex.org/W191522596","https://openalex.org/W293672224","https://openalex.org/W323220294","https://openalex.org/W1484449596","https://openalex.org/W1530361491","https://openalex.org/W1644866298","https://openalex.org/W1996419932","https://openalex.org/W2007662413","https://openalex.org/W2024420040","https://openalex.org/W2060041424","https://openalex.org/W2060377713","https://openalex.org/W2093089922","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2125536931","https://openalex.org/W2152921782","https://openalex.org/W2552556052","https://openalex.org/W3037252522","https://openalex.org/W3194815396","https://openalex.org/W3198220800","https://openalex.org/W4234484005","https://openalex.org/W4249159365","https://openalex.org/W4251693207","https://openalex.org/W4252320028","https://openalex.org/W6729614042","https://openalex.org/W6898505805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W193726211","https://openalex.org/W2131079305","https://openalex.org/W4296580465","https://openalex.org/W2358501627","https://openalex.org/W2892009878","https://openalex.org/W2187250024","https://openalex.org/W2937574835","https://openalex.org/W3213479312","https://openalex.org/W4200519148","https://openalex.org/W1978161643"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}