{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097531605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-008-9029-z","title":"Conditional random fields for entity extraction and\u00a0ontological text coding","display_name":"Conditional random fields for entity extraction and\u00a0ontological text coding","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097531605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-008-9029-z","mag":"2097531605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10588-008-9029-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-008-9029-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47778307","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory","issn_l":"1381-298X","issn":["1381-298X","1572-9346"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025085845","display_name":"Jana Diesner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8183-7109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jana Diesner","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Institute for Software Research, Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS), Carnegie Mellon University, 1327 Wean Hall, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA","School of Computer Science, Institute for Software Research, Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA 15213"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Institute for Software Research, Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS), Carnegie Mellon University, 1327 Wean Hall, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Institute for Software Research, Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA 15213","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085927300","display_name":"Kathleen M. Carley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-0238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen M. Carley","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Institute for Software Research, Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS), Carnegie Mellon University, 1327 Wean Hall, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA","School of Computer Science, Institute for Software Research, Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA 15213"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Institute for Software Research, Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS), Carnegie Mellon University, 1327 Wean Hall, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Institute for Software Research, Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA 15213","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025085845"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":{"value":2090,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4862,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96267006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"248","last_page":"262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.8145105838775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7881903648376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5612197518348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4886398911476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48634105920791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.48634082078933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4845491945743561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.47324806451797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-learning","display_name":"Ontology learning","score":0.4639340043067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4307575821876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4266299903392792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.42167556285858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.39882367849349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35699641704559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3390324115753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.277974009513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-ontology","display_name":"Process ontology","score":0.1503143608570099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.8145105838775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7881903648376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5612197518348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4886398911476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48634105920791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48634082078933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4845491945743561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47324806451797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777002027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3620938","display_name":"Ontology learning","level":5,"score":0.4639340043067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4307575821876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4266299903392792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.42167556285858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.39882367849349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35699641704559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3390324115753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.277974009513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137003198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247296","display_name":"Process ontology","level":3,"score":0.1503143608570099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50971890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7635093","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10588-008-9029-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-008-9029-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47778307","display_name":"Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory","issn_l":"1381-298X","issn":["1381-298X","1572-9346"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:comaot:v:14:y:2008:i:3:d:10.1007_s10588-008-9029-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10588-008-9029-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310207","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321613","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60915298","https://openalex.org/W96539325","https://openalex.org/W357368614","https://openalex.org/W1520377376","https://openalex.org/W1529355025","https://openalex.org/W1532711781","https://openalex.org/W1575332430","https://openalex.org/W2069140227","https://openalex.org/W2088093492","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2156515921","https://openalex.org/W2497675828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024342824","https://openalex.org/W1771592750","https://openalex.org/W4255991504","https://openalex.org/W169590660","https://openalex.org/W1492005981","https://openalex.org/W1982302668","https://openalex.org/W1576659514","https://openalex.org/W2138657316","https://openalex.org/W3015234152","https://openalex.org/W2227378261"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}