{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417508014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-025-05857-1","title":"A fault-tolerant and load-balancing scheduler for independent tasks on cloud-based virtual machines","display_name":"A fault-tolerant and load-balancing scheduler for independent tasks on cloud-based virtual machines","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417508014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-025-05857-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-025-05857-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-025-05857-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-025-05857-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-025-05857-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043977401","display_name":"Tarek Hagras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3736-425X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86310350","display_name":"Aswan University","ror":"https://ror.org/048qnr849","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tarek Hagras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059973805","display_name":"Gamal A. El-Sayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9993-7642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91041137","display_name":"Assiut University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jaj8n65","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gamal A. El-Sayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043977401"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"fwci":4.0534,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95027938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.682200014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.682200014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.18860000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.02410000003874302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.6958000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6784999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.6658999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6571000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-priority-pre-emptive-scheduling","display_name":"Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling","score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-level-scheduling","display_name":"Two-level scheduling","score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fair-share-scheduling","display_name":"Fair-share scheduling","score":0.3944000005722046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.7610999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.6958000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6784999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.6658999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6571000218391418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122141398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5456330","display_name":"Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling","level":5,"score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119948110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7858726","display_name":"Two-level scheduling","level":4,"score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31689143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733809","display_name":"Fair-share scheduling","level":3,"score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.38960000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778710394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4179813","display_name":"Live migration","level":4,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127456818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238879","display_name":"Rate-monotonic scheduling","level":4,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175893541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196582","display_name":"Round-robin scheduling","level":4,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32310161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666365","display_name":"Earliest deadline first scheduling","level":5,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112999334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2094455","display_name":"Virtual desktop","level":3,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989134064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288510","display_name":"Execution time","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-025-05857-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-025-05857-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-025-05857-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-025-05857-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-025-05857-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-025-05857-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331544","display_name":"Aswan University","ror":"https://ror.org/048qnr849"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417508014.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4417508014.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58490304","https://openalex.org/W146993857","https://openalex.org/W1963742947","https://openalex.org/W2064754122","https://openalex.org/W2088723799","https://openalex.org/W2156247500","https://openalex.org/W2175514636","https://openalex.org/W2521181996","https://openalex.org/W2546571074","https://openalex.org/W2562576330","https://openalex.org/W2601990445","https://openalex.org/W2606509721","https://openalex.org/W2609236414","https://openalex.org/W2750716721","https://openalex.org/W2753415590","https://openalex.org/W2755137706","https://openalex.org/W2759043405","https://openalex.org/W2766696404","https://openalex.org/W2769574660","https://openalex.org/W2791220088","https://openalex.org/W2793686583","https://openalex.org/W2903287045","https://openalex.org/W2903768523","https://openalex.org/W3029865724","https://openalex.org/W3188779243","https://openalex.org/W3207041464","https://openalex.org/W4200324612","https://openalex.org/W4220861550","https://openalex.org/W4221130488","https://openalex.org/W4251047839","https://openalex.org/W4282975616","https://openalex.org/W4384700980","https://openalex.org/W4399042148","https://openalex.org/W4402742526","https://openalex.org/W4410029311","https://openalex.org/W6912207213"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Cloud":[1],"computing":[2],"provides":[3],"scalable":[4],"and":[5,13,49,60,75,81,103,112,149,158,169,184,195],"cost-effective":[6],"access":[7],"to":[8,28,120,140],"shared":[9],"resources":[10],"through":[11,95],"virtualization":[12],"distributed":[14],"systems.":[15],"With":[16],"the":[17,55,67,129],"rapid":[18],"growth":[19],"of":[20,84,131],"cloud":[21,189],"services,":[22],"diverse":[23],"workloads":[24],"are":[25],"increasingly":[26],"submitted":[27],"virtual":[29],"machines":[30],"(VMs)":[31],"with":[32,124,175],"heterogeneous":[33,188],"capabilities,":[34],"making":[35],"efficient":[36,80],"task":[37,47,101,110,135,144,171],"scheduling":[38,41,62,83,94],"essential.":[39],"Inefficient":[40],"can":[42],"cause":[43],"underutilization,":[44],"increased":[45],"latency,":[46],"rejection,":[48,145],"service-level":[50],"agreement":[51],"(SLA)":[52],"violations,":[53],"underscoring":[54],"need":[56],"for":[57,79,106,186],"adaptive,":[58],"fault-tolerant,":[59],"deadline-aware":[61],"mechanisms.":[63],"This":[64],"article":[65],"introduces":[66],"Balanced":[68],"Independent-Task":[69],"Assignment":[70],"(":[71],"BITA":[72,90,157],")":[73],"algorithm":[74],"its":[76],"variant":[77],"BITAr":[78,116,159],"fault-tolerant":[82],"independent":[85],"tasks":[86],"on":[87],"cloud-based":[88],"VMs.":[89],"addresses":[91],"soft":[92],"real-time":[93,122],"a":[96],"criticality-driven":[97],"metric":[98],"that":[99,156],"evaluates":[100],"deadlines":[102],"VM":[104,151],"qualifications":[105],"adaptive":[107],"assignments,":[108],"reducing":[109],"rejection":[111,172],"strengthening":[113],"fault":[114,147],"tolerance.":[115],"extends":[117],"this":[118],"approach":[119],"hard":[121],"scenarios":[123],"strict":[125],"deadline":[126],"constraints,":[127],"prioritizing":[128],"utilization":[130,167],"qualified":[132],"VMs":[133],"at":[134],"arrival.":[136],"Both":[137],"algorithms":[138],"aim":[139],"balance":[141],"workloads,":[142],"minimize":[143],"enhance":[146],"tolerance,":[148],"optimize":[150],"utilization.":[152],"Experimental":[153],"results":[154],"show":[155],"outperform":[160],"state-of-the-art":[161],"methods,":[162],"achieving":[163],"higher":[164],"mean":[165],"effective":[166],"(MEU)":[168],"lower":[170],"rates":[173],"(TRR)":[174],"lower-bound":[176],"running-time":[177],"complexity.":[178],"These":[179],"findings":[180],"confirm":[181],"their":[182],"scalability":[183],"suitability":[185],"real-world":[187],"deployments,":[190],"improving":[191],"overall":[192],"resource":[193],"efficiency":[194],"service":[196],"reliability.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-12-19T00:00:00"}
