{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414990200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-025-05729-8","title":"Fostering AI alignment through blockchain, proof of personhood and zero knowledge proofs","display_name":"Fostering AI alignment through blockchain, proof of personhood and zero knowledge proofs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414990200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-025-05729-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-025-05729-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-025-05729-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-025-05729-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-025-05729-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023307178","display_name":"Alexander Neulinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7967-2843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102248843","display_name":"Vienna University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/03yn8s215","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102248843"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Neulinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vienna University of Economics and Business, Welthandelsplatz 1, 1020, Vienna, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7967-2843","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna University of Economics and Business, Welthandelsplatz 1, 1020, Vienna, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102248843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115995595","display_name":"Lukas Sparer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102248843","display_name":"Vienna University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/03yn8s215","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102248843"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Sparer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vienna University of Economics and Business, Welthandelsplatz 1, 1020, Vienna, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4781-4470","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna University of Economics and Business, Welthandelsplatz 1, 1020, Vienna, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102248843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023307178","https://openalex.org/A5115995595"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102248843"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3762969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"15","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.7548999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personhood","display_name":"Personhood","score":0.6089000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.5817000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system","display_name":"Multi-agent system","score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-privacy","display_name":"Differential privacy","score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-knowledge-proof","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","score":0.35530000925064087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.7548999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548836952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170675","display_name":"Personhood","level":2,"score":0.6089000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5817000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5200999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40639999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23130292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358","display_name":"Differential privacy","level":2,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176329583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191943","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","level":3,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124978682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201019","display_name":"Proof of concept","level":2,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74072328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142726","display_name":"Intelligent agent","level":2,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162027153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2264109","display_name":"Artificial general intelligence","level":2,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72648740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658476","display_name":"Public key infrastructure","level":4,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19273510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263847","display_name":"Artificial life","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152385842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194916","display_name":"Mereology","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.2572999894618988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-025-05729-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-025-05729-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-025-05729-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-025-05729-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-025-05729-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-025-05729-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414990200.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586718744","https://openalex.org/W1677253155","https://openalex.org/W1702795892","https://openalex.org/W2041942569","https://openalex.org/W2077970176","https://openalex.org/W2099419573","https://openalex.org/W2109550146","https://openalex.org/W2152005134","https://openalex.org/W2166400110","https://openalex.org/W2240086230","https://openalex.org/W2260446868","https://openalex.org/W2579318729","https://openalex.org/W2765206040","https://openalex.org/W2768503474","https://openalex.org/W2806082141","https://openalex.org/W2884599530","https://openalex.org/W2907683311","https://openalex.org/W2912185124","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2916217841","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2919398271","https://openalex.org/W2944017748","https://openalex.org/W2963575966","https://openalex.org/W2964523010","https://openalex.org/W2984674716","https://openalex.org/W2995261107","https://openalex.org/W3006036236","https://openalex.org/W3014487746","https://openalex.org/W3023935494","https://openalex.org/W3033572638","https://openalex.org/W3091125577","https://openalex.org/W3104088511","https://openalex.org/W3111112805","https://openalex.org/W3111746508","https://openalex.org/W3136753322","https://openalex.org/W3183739662","https://openalex.org/W3184003041","https://openalex.org/W3194196960","https://openalex.org/W3203730177","https://openalex.org/W3208048271","https://openalex.org/W4210380629","https://openalex.org/W4214586835","https://openalex.org/W4220851938","https://openalex.org/W4226075590","https://openalex.org/W4238014149","https://openalex.org/W4242937284","https://openalex.org/W4280623699","https://openalex.org/W4308192654","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4312565067","https://openalex.org/W4312576403","https://openalex.org/W4312653650","https://openalex.org/W4312709770","https://openalex.org/W4312917523","https://openalex.org/W4327500110","https://openalex.org/W4377030232","https://openalex.org/W4381951776","https://openalex.org/W4385497960","https://openalex.org/W4386379714","https://openalex.org/W4387083581","https://openalex.org/W4387591862","https://openalex.org/W4389065347","https://openalex.org/W4389543496","https://openalex.org/W4389888101","https://openalex.org/W4390480754","https://openalex.org/W4390569091","https://openalex.org/W4400760248","https://openalex.org/W4401324085","https://openalex.org/W4401719681","https://openalex.org/W4402142304","https://openalex.org/W4404699093","https://openalex.org/W4404928379","https://openalex.org/W4405701432","https://openalex.org/W4406728433","https://openalex.org/W4406728469","https://openalex.org/W4406728473","https://openalex.org/W4406728574","https://openalex.org/W4406729277","https://openalex.org/W4406729524","https://openalex.org/W4406969585","https://openalex.org/W4407998222"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Artificial":[1],"intelligence":[2],"(AI)":[3],"systems":[4],"are":[5,50,135],"rapidly":[6],"approaching":[7],"capabilities":[8],"that":[9,73,164,172,207],"require":[10],"an":[11,169],"increasing":[12],"level":[13],"of":[14,68,87,110,186,194,204,223],"human":[15,76,88,149],"control.":[16],"Existing":[17],"AI":[18,41,47,97,141,151,159,170,180,189,224,230,238],"alignment":[19,42,48,98,142,181,231],"techniques":[20,101],"remain":[21],"opaque,":[22],"model-specific,":[23],"and":[24,107,123,150,155,213,220,236],"vulnerable":[25],"in":[26,45,61,90,130,183,242],"human-level":[27],"AI,":[28],"or":[29],"post-quantum":[30,131,244],"scenarios.":[31],"To":[32,83,127],"address":[33],"these":[34],"issues,":[35],"this":[36,115,195],"paper":[37,196],"proposes":[38],"a":[39,57,66,161,198,209,227,243],"novel":[40],"system":[43,99,116,143,163],"architecture":[44],"which":[46],"rules":[49,182],"encoded":[51],"as":[52,103],"immutable":[53],"smart":[54],"contracts":[55],"on":[56],"blockchain.":[58],"The":[59,139,158],"blockchain,":[60],"turn,":[62],"is":[63,144,197],"governed":[64,229],"by":[65,168],"Proof":[67],"Personhood":[69],"(PoP)":[70],"consensus":[71,211],"mechanism":[72,212],"only":[74],"admits":[75],"agents":[77,89],"to":[78,137,147,215,234],"the":[79,85,91,95,178,187,192,202],"rule":[80],"validation":[81],"processes.":[82],"protect":[84],"privacy":[86,129],"identity":[92,121],"verification":[93],"process,":[94],"proposed":[96,140],"facilitates":[100],"such":[102],"key":[104],"derivation":[105],"functions":[106],"asymmetric":[108],"encryption":[109],"biometric":[111,133],"data.":[112],"In":[113],"addition,":[114],"also":[117],"utilizes":[118,208],"blockchain-based":[119,179],"decentralized":[120],"(DID)":[122],"zero-knowledge":[124],"proofs":[125],"(ZKPs).":[126],"ensure":[128],"scenarios,":[132],"data":[134],"linked":[136],"zk-STARKs.":[138],"formally":[145],"described":[146],"capture":[148],"agents,":[152],"verification,":[153],"authentication,":[154],"Sybil":[156],"resistance.":[157],"shield,":[160],"reactive":[162],"prevents":[165],"unsafe":[166],"actions":[167],"agent":[171],"would":[173],"violate":[174],"predetermined":[175],"conditions,":[176],"enforces":[177],"real-time,":[184],"independently":[185],"underlying":[188],"model.":[190],"Thus,":[191],"contribution":[193],"conceptual":[199],"framework":[200],"for":[201],"implementation":[203],"blockchain":[205],"technology":[206],"PoP-based":[210],"zk-STARKs":[214],"foster":[216],"privacy-friendly":[217],"societal":[218],"involvement":[219],"public":[221],"auditability":[222],"developments,":[225],"providing":[226],"democratically":[228],"layer":[232],"applicable":[233],"current":[235],"future":[237],"models,":[239],"including":[240],"those":[241],"era.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
