{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404737346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-024-04709-8","title":"Blockchain for securing electronic voting systems: a survey of architectures, trends, solutions, and challenges","display_name":"Blockchain for securing electronic voting systems: a survey of architectures, trends, solutions, and challenges","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404737346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-024-04709-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-024-04709-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-024-04709-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-024-04709-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-024-04709-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082951007","display_name":"Henry Ohiani Ohize","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5698-1889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148072","display_name":"Salem University","ror":"https://ror.org/056e30g48","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148072"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76661892","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/0568y3j03","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry O. Ohize","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Confluence University of Science and Technology, PMB 1040, Osara, Kogi, Nigeria","Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Confluence University of Science and Technology, PMB 1040, Osara, Kogi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148072"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039527755","display_name":"Adeiza James Onumanyi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-0786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adeiza James Onumanyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Next Generation Enterprises and Institutions, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Meiring Naude, Pretoria, 0001, Gauteng, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Next Generation Enterprises and Institutions, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Meiring Naude, Pretoria, 0001, Gauteng, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050388926","display_name":"Buhari Ugbede Umar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6971-1917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76661892","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/0568y3j03","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Buhari U. Umar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085381678","display_name":"Lukman Adewale Ajao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-752X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76661892","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/0568y3j03","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukman A. Ajao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082915863","display_name":"Rabiu O. Isah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2784-8891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76661892","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/0568y3j03","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rabiu O. Isah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053414084","display_name":"Eustace M. Dogo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6125-0180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76661892","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/0568y3j03","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eustace M. Dogo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043220842","display_name":"Bello Kontagora Nuhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0130-2468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76661892","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/0568y3j03","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bello K. Nuhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032211390","display_name":"Olayemi Mikail Olaniyi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2294-5545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52605992","display_name":"National Open University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/009tveq15","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52605992"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olayemi M. Olaniyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Open University of Nigeria, 900108, Abuja, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Open University of Nigeria, 900108, Abuja, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52605992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034035493","display_name":"James Garba Ambafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-2108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76661892","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/0568y3j03","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James G. Ambafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114814716","display_name":"Vincent B. Sheidu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76661892","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/0568y3j03","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent B. Sheidu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032864815","display_name":"Mohammed Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6525-4488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76661892","display_name":"Federal University of Technology Minna","ror":"https://ror.org/0568y3j03","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad M. Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Gidan Kwano, PMB 65, Minna, Niger, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76661892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039527755"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"fwci":34.5882,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99773846,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8925062417984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8379520177841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-voting","display_name":"Electronic voting","score":0.7681304216384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.6436976790428162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4767744839191437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.41884616017341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.08565044403076172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8925062417984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8379520177841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780612046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926161","display_name":"Electronic voting","level":4,"score":0.7681304216384888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.6436976790428162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4767744839191437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.41884616017341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08565044403076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-024-04709-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-024-04709-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-024-04709-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-024-04709-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-024-04709-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-024-04709-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309385","display_name":"Texas Emerging Technology Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/02yyzvz79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320682","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322771","display_name":"Secret\u00e1rio de Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior, Governo do Estado de Parana","ror":"https://ror.org/05nyhnc56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325463","display_name":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404737346.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404737346.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":142,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145626111","https://openalex.org/W155014998","https://openalex.org/W1482098871","https://openalex.org/W1907293129","https://openalex.org/W1969344535","https://openalex.org/W1969494152","https://openalex.org/W1994437057","https://openalex.org/W2001281494","https://openalex.org/W2006810252","https://openalex.org/W2021827504","https://openalex.org/W2063445341","https://openalex.org/W2117939396","https://openalex.org/W2120049212","https://openalex.org/W2141248983","https://openalex.org/W2168963270","https://openalex.org/W2527800909","https://openalex.org/W2535104337","https://openalex.org/W2592077777","https://openalex.org/W2621605855","https://openalex.org/W2754529701","https://openalex.org/W2756339511","https://openalex.org/W2772518758","https://openalex.org/W2794533297","https://openalex.org/W2808396996","https://openalex.org/W2809896653","https://openalex.org/W2873380356","https://openalex.org/W2887415885","https://openalex.org/W2887561408","https://openalex.org/W2892214318","https://openalex.org/W2892520153","https://openalex.org/W2899884493","https://openalex.org/W2900824206","https://openalex.org/W2901598045","https://openalex.org/W2909882084","https://openalex.org/W2910789212","https://openalex.org/W2917351259","https://openalex.org/W2919061719","https://openalex.org/W2932762905","https://openalex.org/W2937430517","https://openalex.org/W2944812228","https://openalex.org/W2967111530","https://openalex.org/W2974589491","https://openalex.org/W2975538908","https://openalex.org/W2988168931","https://openalex.org/W2991049686","https://openalex.org/W2995865095","https://openalex.org/W2997240167","https://openalex.org/W3000175348","https://openalex.org/W3000349667","https://openalex.org/W3003965304","https://openalex.org/W3005926878","https://openalex.org/W3007180266","https://openalex.org/W3009014703","https://openalex.org/W3010553415","https://openalex.org/W3011656268","https://openalex.org/W3017083006","https://openalex.org/W3018945486","https://openalex.org/W3020360908","https://openalex.org/W3027557835","https://openalex.org/W3033317866","https://openalex.org/W3033737737","https://openalex.org/W3036560297","https://openalex.org/W3043572547","https://openalex.org/W3043942351","https://openalex.org/W3045844817","https://openalex.org/W3047121245","https://openalex.org/W3047950859","https://openalex.org/W3047954630","https://openalex.org/W3083952112","https://openalex.org/W3084421431","https://openalex.org/W3092917317","https://openalex.org/W3094398472","https://openalex.org/W3102901271","https://openalex.org/W3111397073","https://openalex.org/W3118936360","https://openalex.org/W3120530830","https://openalex.org/W3120970772","https://openalex.org/W3129545517","https://openalex.org/W3135052035","https://openalex.org/W3144543375","https://openalex.org/W3154095569","https://openalex.org/W3155923922","https://openalex.org/W3157994003","https://openalex.org/W3174265232","https://openalex.org/W3184158691","https://openalex.org/W3186678486","https://openalex.org/W3196596779","https://openalex.org/W3197786081","https://openalex.org/W3198867935","https://openalex.org/W3202196067","https://openalex.org/W3206079648","https://openalex.org/W3206679035","https://openalex.org/W3209757816","https://openalex.org/W3216244087","https://openalex.org/W4200068223","https://openalex.org/W4200502048","https://openalex.org/W4205846949","https://openalex.org/W4210363240","https://openalex.org/W4210835439","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4221036596","https://openalex.org/W4221081685","https://openalex.org/W4221128737","https://openalex.org/W4224316548","https://openalex.org/W4226047482","https://openalex.org/W4252010929","https://openalex.org/W4283748947","https://openalex.org/W4292730178","https://openalex.org/W4293519406","https://openalex.org/W4297140026","https://openalex.org/W4301398903","https://openalex.org/W4303981355","https://openalex.org/W4304091540","https://openalex.org/W4304588828","https://openalex.org/W4312263211","https://openalex.org/W4315646573","https://openalex.org/W4315647104","https://openalex.org/W4317927951","https://openalex.org/W4320932865","https://openalex.org/W4321510649","https://openalex.org/W4323046396","https://openalex.org/W4323546326","https://openalex.org/W4362498927","https://openalex.org/W4367728995","https://openalex.org/W4372354946","https://openalex.org/W4375950203","https://openalex.org/W4377969557","https://openalex.org/W4385656581","https://openalex.org/W4386192150","https://openalex.org/W4386651545","https://openalex.org/W4386712283","https://openalex.org/W4386883039","https://openalex.org/W4388936796","https://openalex.org/W4389167933","https://openalex.org/W4389947134","https://openalex.org/W4391514308","https://openalex.org/W4391943240","https://openalex.org/W4392755040","https://openalex.org/W4393142153","https://openalex.org/W4394961348","https://openalex.org/W6600950960","https://openalex.org/W7047793061"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3108317354","https://openalex.org/W2083180731","https://openalex.org/W4297573717","https://openalex.org/W1596100069","https://openalex.org/W4283692793","https://openalex.org/W4321843854","https://openalex.org/W157440325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Electronic":[1],"voting":[2,116,210],"(e-voting)":[3],"systems":[4,42,170,223,295],"are":[5],"gaining":[6],"increasing":[7],"attention":[8],"as":[9,58,101,138,266],"a":[10,82,102,179],"means":[11],"to":[12,68,105,141,203,241,254,278],"modernize":[13],"electoral":[14,41,327],"processes,":[15],"enhance":[16,69,204,280],"transparency,":[17,113],"and":[18,34,60,72,115,145,166,206,231,245,273,282,296,306,316,325],"boost":[19],"voters\u2019":[20],"participation.":[21],"In":[22],"recent":[23,196],"years,":[24],"significant":[25],"developments":[26],"have":[27,51,300],"occurred":[28],"in":[29,54,77,88,109,132,148,168,198,208,258,284,308],"the":[30,64,70,85,89,96,129,149,173,183,215,218,232,243,255,259,268,290,304,309],"study":[31],"of":[32,48,66,74,84,91,98,162,175,182,220,247,270,293],"e-voting":[33,50,92,169,189,222,285,294],"blockchain":[35,67,99,133,176,199,271,297],"technology":[36,100,134],"systems,":[37,93,200],"hence":[38],"reshaping":[39],"many":[40],"globally.":[43],"For":[44],"example,":[45],"real-world":[46],"implementations":[47],"blockchain-based":[49,188,221],"been":[52,301],"explored":[53],"various":[55,107],"countries,":[56],"such":[57,265],"Estonia":[59],"Switzerland,":[61],"which":[62,201,237],"demonstrates":[63],"potential":[65],"security":[71,281],"transparency":[73],"elections.":[75],"Thus,":[76,152],"this":[78,155],"paper,":[79],"we":[80,153,194],"present":[81],"survey":[83,119,124,251],"latest":[86,130],"trends":[87],"development":[90,257,317],"focusing":[94],"on":[95,172],"integration":[97],"promising":[103],"solution":[104],"address":[106,154],"concerns":[108,147],"e-voting,":[110,136],"including":[111,226],"security,":[112],"auditability,":[114],"integrity.":[117],"This":[118,250],"is":[120,191],"important":[121],"because":[122],"existing":[123],"articles":[125],"do":[126],"not":[127],"cover":[128],"advancements":[131],"for":[135,186,234,313],"particularly":[137],"it":[139],"relates":[140],"architecture,":[142],"global":[143],"trends,":[144],"current":[146,291],"developmental":[150],"process.":[151],"gap":[156],"by":[157,288],"providing":[158],"an":[159],"encompassing":[160],"overview":[161],"architectures,":[163],"developments,":[164],"concerns,":[165],"solutions":[167,190],"based":[171],"use":[174],"technology.":[177],"Specifically,":[178],"concise":[180],"summary":[181],"information":[184],"necessary":[185],"implementing":[187],"provided.":[192],"Furthermore,":[193],"discuss":[195],"advances":[197],"aim":[202],"scalability":[205,244],"performance":[207],"large-scale":[209],"scenarios.":[211],"We":[212],"also":[213,252],"highlight":[214],"fact":[216],"that":[217],"implementation":[219],"faces":[224],"challenges,":[225],"cybersecurity":[227],"risks,":[228],"resource":[229],"intensity,":[230],"need":[233],"robust":[235],"infrastructure,":[236],"must":[238],"be":[239],"addressed":[240],"ensure":[242],"reliability":[246],"these":[248],"systems.":[249,286],"points":[253],"ongoing":[256],"field,":[260],"highlighting":[261],"future":[262,314],"research":[263,315],"directions":[264],"improving":[267],"efficiency":[269],"algorithms":[272],"integrating":[274],"advanced":[275],"cryptographic":[276],"techniques":[277],"further":[279],"trust":[283],"Hence,":[287],"analyzing":[289],"state":[292],"technology,":[298],"insights":[299],"provided":[302],"into":[303],"opportunities":[305,312],"challenges":[307],"field":[310],"with":[311],"efforts":[318],"aimed":[319],"at":[320],"creating":[321],"more":[322],"secure,":[323],"transparent,":[324],"inclusive":[326],"processes.":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
