{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391883084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-023-04257-7","title":"Scalability of blockchain: a comprehensive review and future research direction","display_name":"Scalability of blockchain: a comprehensive review and future research direction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391883084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-023-04257-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-023-04257-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-023-04257-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066540771","display_name":"Iqra Sadia Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1606-2981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iqra Sadia Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer System & Technology, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, Kaula Lampur, 50603, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer System & Technology, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, Kaula Lampur, 50603, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028305832","display_name":"Miss Laiha Mat Kiah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1240-5406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. L. Mat Kiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer System & Technology, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, Kaula Lampur, 50603, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer System & Technology, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, Kaula Lampur, 50603, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011311306","display_name":"M. Muzaffar Hameed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4514-1029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Muzaffar Hameed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013473287","display_name":"Zain Anwer Memon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6716-7591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126131087","display_name":"University of Sindh","ror":"https://ror.org/01d692d57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126131087"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zain Anwer Memon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126131087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066540771"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":57.0047,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99915116,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"5547","last_page":"5570"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9498000144958496,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14319","display_name":"Currency Recognition and Detection","score":0.911899983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9119774103164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9093465805053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.8233139514923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.32422372698783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.23598161339759827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20299577713012695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9119774103164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9093465805053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.8233139514923096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.32422372698783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.23598161339759827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20299577713012695}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-023-04257-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-023-04257-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2350819915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRGS/1/2019/ICT05/UM/01/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322604","funder_display_name":"Universiti Malaya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322604","display_name":"Universiti Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":96,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501362048","https://openalex.org/W2489873277","https://openalex.org/W2595976459","https://openalex.org/W2604122668","https://openalex.org/W2616934625","https://openalex.org/W2621452375","https://openalex.org/W2752689052","https://openalex.org/W2795807997","https://openalex.org/W2798711290","https://openalex.org/W2799052977","https://openalex.org/W2801793079","https://openalex.org/W2803836845","https://openalex.org/W2806236680","https://openalex.org/W2806842189","https://openalex.org/W2887561408","https://openalex.org/W2897450989","https://openalex.org/W2903248022","https://openalex.org/W2912091418","https://openalex.org/W2912157678","https://openalex.org/W2914212774","https://openalex.org/W2915469157","https://openalex.org/W2919287027","https://openalex.org/W2944383645","https://openalex.org/W2951832089","https://openalex.org/W2955164660","https://openalex.org/W2957123389","https://openalex.org/W2963169426","https://openalex.org/W2965764768","https://openalex.org/W2969732734","https://openalex.org/W2971121192","https://openalex.org/W2971569867","https://openalex.org/W2972432684","https://openalex.org/W2972978787","https://openalex.org/W2980855496","https://openalex.org/W2986104700","https://openalex.org/W2990700079","https://openalex.org/W2994134668","https://openalex.org/W2998273715","https://openalex.org/W2998762116","https://openalex.org/W3000385461","https://openalex.org/W3001021274","https://openalex.org/W3002581186","https://openalex.org/W3003347526","https://openalex.org/W3003714166","https://openalex.org/W3005921729","https://openalex.org/W3006820236","https://openalex.org/W3007690081","https://openalex.org/W3011992028","https://openalex.org/W3014517104","https://openalex.org/W3016134317","https://openalex.org/W3017009158","https://openalex.org/W3022022997","https://openalex.org/W3023390399","https://openalex.org/W3026568256","https://openalex.org/W3039746697","https://openalex.org/W3044276389","https://openalex.org/W3085707038","https://openalex.org/W3087912747","https://openalex.org/W3089782038","https://openalex.org/W3104305579","https://openalex.org/W3105951560","https://openalex.org/W3109306397","https://openalex.org/W3112292326","https://openalex.org/W3113149354","https://openalex.org/W3120970772","https://openalex.org/W3124379208","https://openalex.org/W3130746454","https://openalex.org/W3131823290","https://openalex.org/W3133567477","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W3161267090","https://openalex.org/W3161583163","https://openalex.org/W3170300281","https://openalex.org/W3176582776","https://openalex.org/W3176708559","https://openalex.org/W3177260159","https://openalex.org/W3193617343","https://openalex.org/W3194419849","https://openalex.org/W3194484105","https://openalex.org/W3202990235","https://openalex.org/W3206079648","https://openalex.org/W3206104606","https://openalex.org/W3206443793","https://openalex.org/W3207577409","https://openalex.org/W3208670052","https://openalex.org/W4200217444","https://openalex.org/W4205345352","https://openalex.org/W4281627544","https://openalex.org/W4292231221","https://openalex.org/W4292387255","https://openalex.org/W4312037473","https://openalex.org/W4382279730","https://openalex.org/W6600553734","https://openalex.org/W6601260659","https://openalex.org/W6685807058","https://openalex.org/W6819243549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4388131927","https://openalex.org/W121182129"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
