{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3154474119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03282-8","title":"Principal component based support vector machine (PC-SVM): a hybrid technique for software defect detection","display_name":"Principal component based support vector machine (PC-SVM): a hybrid technique for software defect detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3154474119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03282-8","mag":"3154474119","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33880074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-021-03282-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03282-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-021-03282-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-021-03282-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088316116","display_name":"Mohd Mustaqeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-5969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171210897","display_name":"Aligarh Muslim University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kw9gc02","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd. Mustaqeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSE Department, Institute of Technology & Management (A.K.T.U), Aligarh, U.P India","CSE Department, Institute of Technology & Management (A.K.T.U), Aligarh, U.P, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-5969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSE Department, Institute of Technology & Management (A.K.T.U), Aligarh, U.P India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSE Department, Institute of Technology & Management (A.K.T.U), Aligarh, U.P, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007148284","display_name":"Mohd Saqib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-2162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189109744","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad","ror":"https://ror.org/013v3cc28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189109744"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohd. Saqib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematic and Computing Department, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand India","Mathematic and Computing Department, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-2162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematic and Computing Department, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189109744"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematic and Computing Department, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189109744"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007148284"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189109744"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2790},"fwci":15.3575,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99009809,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":"2581","last_page":"2595"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8562891483306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7687307596206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.7151380777359009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6467709541320801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6337153315544128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.5841103792190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5788301825523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.5747798681259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5180466175079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.4912266135215759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.49100354313850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4907585084438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46906778216362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.46379122138023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter-optimization","display_name":"Hyperparameter optimization","score":0.4302324652671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32044076919555664}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8562891483306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7687307596206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7151380777359009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6467709541320801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6337153315544128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.5841103792190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5788301825523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.5747798681259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5180466175079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.4912266135215759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.49100354313850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4907585084438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46906778216362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.46379122138023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10485038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48996162","display_name":"Hyperparameter optimization","level":3,"score":0.4302324652671814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32044076919555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-021-03282-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03282-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-021-03282-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33880074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33880074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster computing","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8050160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8050160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Comput","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-021-03282-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03282-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10586-021-03282-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3154474119.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3154474119.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006658471","https://openalex.org/W2007338412","https://openalex.org/W2052121484","https://openalex.org/W2057780988","https://openalex.org/W2059405626","https://openalex.org/W2059606241","https://openalex.org/W2074684359","https://openalex.org/W2090854192","https://openalex.org/W2108643178","https://openalex.org/W2108802794","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2143570267","https://openalex.org/W2149479739","https://openalex.org/W2158864412","https://openalex.org/W2158934641","https://openalex.org/W2185423563","https://openalex.org/W2187617458","https://openalex.org/W2320059906","https://openalex.org/W2321057194","https://openalex.org/W2394392941","https://openalex.org/W2521200981","https://openalex.org/W2578339543","https://openalex.org/W2596267426","https://openalex.org/W2783657687","https://openalex.org/W2792223680","https://openalex.org/W2810110985","https://openalex.org/W2894382977","https://openalex.org/W2913299351","https://openalex.org/W2964177948","https://openalex.org/W2998934947","https://openalex.org/W3042179604","https://openalex.org/W3125129417","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6601373112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953665647","https://openalex.org/W4205712847","https://openalex.org/W4281646320","https://openalex.org/W3169687406","https://openalex.org/W2954882791","https://openalex.org/W4287818966","https://openalex.org/W4388119537","https://openalex.org/W3014750173","https://openalex.org/W3192751261","https://openalex.org/W3200811867"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Defects":[0],"are":[1],"the":[2,6,56,61,68,93,108,118,142,150,172,179,203,211,231,254],"major":[3],"problems":[4],"in":[5,202],"current":[7],"situation":[8],"and":[9,18,52,86,129,166,244],"predicting":[10],"them":[11],"is":[12,38,216,218],"also":[13,170,198,237],"a":[14,39,75,209,246],"difficult":[15],"task.":[16],"Researchers":[17],"scientists":[19],"have":[20,97,184],"developed":[21],"many":[22],"software":[23],"defects":[24,46],"prediction":[25],"techniques":[26],"to":[27,34,44,67,91,112,160],"overcome":[28,92,241],"this":[29,242],"very":[30,161,226],"helpful":[31],"issue.":[32],"But":[33],"some":[35,233],"extend":[36],"there":[37,217],"need":[40],"for":[41,145,157,175,222,251],"an":[42],"algorithm/method":[43],"predict":[45],"with":[47,214],"more":[48],"accuracy,":[49],"reduce":[50,149],"time":[51,151],"space":[53],"complexities.":[54],"All":[55],"previous":[57],"research":[58],"conducted":[59],"on":[60,253],"data":[62,106],"without":[63],"feature":[64,146],"reduction":[65],"lead":[66],"curse":[69],"of":[70,110,205],"dimensionality.":[71],"We":[72,96,116,169],"brought":[73],"up":[74],"machine":[76],"learning":[77],"hybrid":[78,181],"approach":[79],"by":[80],"combining":[81],"Principal":[82],"component":[83],"Analysis":[84],"(PCA)":[85],"Support":[87],"vector":[88],"machines":[89],"(SVM)":[90],"ongoing":[94],"problem.":[95],"employed":[98,171],"PROMISE":[99],"(CM1:":[100,122,131,188],"344":[101],"observations,":[102,124,133],"KC1:":[103,125,134,190],"2109":[104],"observations)":[105,127,136],"from":[107],"directory":[109],"NASA":[111],"conduct":[113],"our":[114],"research.":[115],"split":[117],"dataset":[119,128],"into":[120],"training":[121],"240":[123],"1476":[126],"testing":[130],"104":[132],"633":[135],"datasets.":[137],"Using":[138],"PCA,":[139],"we":[140,154,183],"find":[141],"principal":[143],"components":[144],"optimization":[147],"which":[148,224,239],"complexity.":[152],"Then,":[153],"applied":[155],"SVM":[156,215],"classification":[158,223,252],"due":[159],"native":[162],"qualities":[163],"over":[164],"traditional":[165],"conventional":[167],"methods.":[168,194],"GridSearchCV":[173],"method":[174,235],"hyperparameter":[176],"tuning.":[177],"In":[178,230],"proposed":[180,196],"model":[182,197],"found":[185],"better":[186],"accuracy":[187],"95.2%,":[189],"86.6%)":[191],"than":[192],"other":[193,206,234],"The":[195],"presents":[199],"higher":[200],"evaluation":[201],"terms":[204],"criteria.":[207],"As":[208],"limitation,":[210],"only":[212],"problem":[213],"no":[219],"probabilistic":[220,248],"explanation":[221],"may":[225,236],"rigid":[227],"towards":[228],"classifications.":[229],"future,":[232],"introduce":[238],"can":[240],"limitation":[243],"keep":[245],"soft":[247],"based":[249],"margin":[250],"optimal":[255],"hyperplane.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T13:55:54.758798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}