{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2063138297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-014-9281-4","title":"Improving a tone labeling algorithm for Sesotho","display_name":"Improving a tone labeling algorithm for Sesotho","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2063138297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-014-9281-4","mag":"2063138297"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10579-014-9281-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-014-9281-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306424877","display_name":"Language Resources and Evaluation","issn_l":"1574-020X","issn":["1574-020X","1574-0218"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Language Resources and Evaluation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113546724","display_name":"Mpho Raborife","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mpho Raborife","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006801308","display_name":"Sigrid Ewert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-7284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sigrid Ewert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sch. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086960099","display_name":"Sabine Zerbian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4631-369X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabine Zerbian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Linguistics: English, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Linguistics: English, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13644877,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone","display_name":"Tone (literature)","score":0.8204228281974792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6757392883300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.6240360140800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5748031735420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5651056170463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intonation","display_name":"Intonation (linguistics)","score":0.5611666440963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.48703819513320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthography","display_name":"Orthography","score":0.4728425145149231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4535471200942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.40405339002609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3566490411758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.24783837795257568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.12560659646987915}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.8204228281974792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6757392883300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.6240360140800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5748031735420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5651056170463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5576720","display_name":"Intonation (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5611666440963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.48703819513320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150670947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43091","display_name":"Orthography","level":3,"score":0.4728425145149231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4535471200942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.40405339002609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3566490411758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.24783837795257568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.12560659646987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10579-014-9281-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-014-9281-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306424877","display_name":"Language Resources and Evaluation","issn_l":"1574-020X","issn":["1574-020X","1574-0218"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Language Resources and Evaluation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56103664","https://openalex.org/W108310356","https://openalex.org/W112197792","https://openalex.org/W198989264","https://openalex.org/W273093436","https://openalex.org/W417103598","https://openalex.org/W600675289","https://openalex.org/W618075021","https://openalex.org/W621837635","https://openalex.org/W650723253","https://openalex.org/W1481582516","https://openalex.org/W1484821475","https://openalex.org/W1519485861","https://openalex.org/W1580208376","https://openalex.org/W1831766322","https://openalex.org/W1914543332","https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W2004166135","https://openalex.org/W2012518621","https://openalex.org/W2080787847","https://openalex.org/W2092910593","https://openalex.org/W2103756849","https://openalex.org/W2104487564","https://openalex.org/W2149490731","https://openalex.org/W2151448598","https://openalex.org/W2154881793","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2164913160","https://openalex.org/W2287797835","https://openalex.org/W2464582640","https://openalex.org/W4256043744","https://openalex.org/W4300191749","https://openalex.org/W4390926653","https://openalex.org/W6618159906","https://openalex.org/W6629234228","https://openalex.org/W6634504578","https://openalex.org/W6696265696","https://openalex.org/W6719168890","https://openalex.org/W7008113034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3209832466","https://openalex.org/W2506705588","https://openalex.org/W1010135382","https://openalex.org/W83991906","https://openalex.org/W3174279511","https://openalex.org/W2278987201","https://openalex.org/W2090139579","https://openalex.org/W2576520356","https://openalex.org/W2374593979","https://openalex.org/W2329526878"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}