{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2044294568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-014-9268-1","title":"The Linguistic Annotation Framework: a standard for annotation interchange and merging","display_name":"The Linguistic Annotation Framework: a standard for annotation interchange and merging","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2044294568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-014-9268-1","mag":"2044294568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10579-014-9268-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-014-9268-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306424877","display_name":"Language Resources and Evaluation","issn_l":"1574-020X","issn":["1574-020X","1574-0218"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Language Resources and Evaluation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061249142","display_name":"Nancy Ide","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9473-3544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126820664","display_name":"Vassar College","ror":"https://ror.org/022x6qg61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Ide","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA","Department of Computer Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012038702","display_name":"Keith Suderman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0502-4557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126820664","display_name":"Vassar College","ror":"https://ror.org/022x6qg61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith Suderman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA","Department of Computer Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061249142"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4576,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97616768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"3","first_page":"395","last_page":"418"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12881","display_name":"linguistics and terminology studies","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.8695312738418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7864224910736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serialization","display_name":"Serialization","score":0.7635252475738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml","display_name":"XML","score":0.7304476499557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.7151553630828857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4949342608451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.45364922285079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.44226527214050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.42874136567115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3322577178478241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.26716291904449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.178092360496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.07513511180877686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.8695312738418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7864224910736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52723943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127410","display_name":"Serialization","level":2,"score":0.7635252475738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8797682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115","display_name":"XML","level":2,"score":0.7304476499557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.7151553630828857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4949342608451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.45364922285079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.44226527214050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.42874136567115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3322577178478241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.26716291904449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.178092360496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.07513511180877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10579-014-9268-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-014-9268-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306424877","display_name":"Language Resources and Evaluation","issn_l":"1574-020X","issn":["1574-020X","1574-0218"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Language Resources and Evaluation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4508078","https://openalex.org/W121228829","https://openalex.org/W128367078","https://openalex.org/W141562719","https://openalex.org/W161530955","https://openalex.org/W255979092","https://openalex.org/W657583424","https://openalex.org/W1632114991","https://openalex.org/W1744653234","https://openalex.org/W1997306212","https://openalex.org/W2096797897","https://openalex.org/W2100514134","https://openalex.org/W2103147879","https://openalex.org/W2112331707","https://openalex.org/W2115792525","https://openalex.org/W2133149548","https://openalex.org/W2134735375","https://openalex.org/W2145532135","https://openalex.org/W2147489532","https://openalex.org/W2159980159","https://openalex.org/W2161299247","https://openalex.org/W2275130660","https://openalex.org/W2414971597","https://openalex.org/W2754007391","https://openalex.org/W2963023609","https://openalex.org/W4290649644","https://openalex.org/W6605761867","https://openalex.org/W6606538921","https://openalex.org/W6609750866","https://openalex.org/W6629402487","https://openalex.org/W6677337689","https://openalex.org/W6998624864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4231356583","https://openalex.org/W1593760324","https://openalex.org/W2378767206","https://openalex.org/W2899905671","https://openalex.org/W1540871478","https://openalex.org/W328308450","https://openalex.org/W282641168","https://openalex.org/W2376159383","https://openalex.org/W2351439380","https://openalex.org/W2251247982"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
