{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965475126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-008-9077-5","title":"Multilingual resources for NLP in the lexical markup framework (LMF)","display_name":"Multilingual resources for NLP in the lexical markup framework (LMF)","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965475126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-008-9077-5","mag":"1965475126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10579-008-9077-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-008-9077-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306424877","display_name":"Language Resources and Evaluation","issn_l":"1574-020X","issn":["1574-020X","1574-0218"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Language Resources and Evaluation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://puma.isti.cnr.it/dfdownloadnew.php?ident=cnr.ilc/cnr.ilc/2009-A0-002","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051895413","display_name":"Gil Francopoulo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gil Francopoulo","raw_affiliation_strings":["TAGMATICA, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TAGMATICA, Paris, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091450706","display_name":"N\u00faria Bel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9346-7803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuria Bel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010527752","display_name":"Monte George","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1279808887","display_name":"American National Standards Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttqft70","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1279808887"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monte George","raw_affiliation_strings":["ANSI, Washington, DC, USA","ANSI, Washington, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ANSI, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1279808887"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ANSI, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1279808887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036804117","display_name":"Nicoletta Calzolari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0994-6308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124522","display_name":"Institute for Computational Linguistics \u201cA. Zampolli\u201d","ror":"https://ror.org/028g3pe33","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124522","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicoletta Calzolari","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNR-ILC, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNR-ILC, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084121304","display_name":"Monica Monachini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3356-3988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124522","display_name":"Institute for Computational Linguistics \u201cA. Zampolli\u201d","ror":"https://ror.org/028g3pe33","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124522","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica Monachini","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNR-ILC, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNR-ILC, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028234307","display_name":"Mandy Pet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44896327","display_name":"Mitre (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ks2a131","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44896327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mandy Pet","raw_affiliation_strings":["MITRE, Bedford, MA, USA","MITRE, Bedford, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MITRE, Bedford, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44896327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MITRE, Bedford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44896327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006914318","display_name":"Claudia Soria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6548-9711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124522","display_name":"Institute for Computational Linguistics \u201cA. Zampolli\u201d","ror":"https://ror.org/028g3pe33","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124522","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Soria","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNR-ILC, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNR-ILC, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051895413"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.7317,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98312929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"1","first_page":"57","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12881","display_name":"linguistics and terminology studies","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12353","display_name":"Lexicography and Language Studies","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markup-language","display_name":"Markup language","score":0.8488742113113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8218557834625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.725644588470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6061767935752869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5004487037658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-access","display_name":"Lexical access","score":0.48379915952682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-analysis","display_name":"Lexical analysis","score":0.4536851644515991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-item","display_name":"Lexical item","score":0.4134475588798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1846923530101776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml","display_name":"XML","score":0.142365962266922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09360423684120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.06978777050971985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37045","display_name":"Markup language","level":3,"score":0.8488742113113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8218557834625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.725644588470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6061767935752869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5004487037658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987487971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexical access","level":3,"score":0.48379915952682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176982825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835922","display_name":"Lexical analysis","level":2,"score":0.4536851644515991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126706616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2944660","display_name":"Lexical item","level":2,"score":0.4134475588798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1846923530101776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8797682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115","display_name":"XML","level":2,"score":0.142365962266922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09360423684120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.06978777050971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10579-008-9077-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-008-9077-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306424877","display_name":"Language Resources and Evaluation","issn_l":"1574-020X","issn":["1574-020X","1574-0218"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Language Resources and Evaluation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositori-api.upf.edu:10230/56592","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10230/56592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402615","display_name":"Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","host_organization_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pumaoai.isti.cnr.it:cnr.ilc/cnr.ilc/2009-A0-002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://puma.isti.cnr.it/dfdownloadnew.php?ident=cnr.ilc/cnr.ilc/2009-A0-002","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pumaoai.isti.cnr.it:cnr.ilc/cnr.ilc/2009-A0-002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://puma.isti.cnr.it/dfdownloadnew.php?ident=cnr.ilc/cnr.ilc/2009-A0-002","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1651242740","https://openalex.org/W1972427340","https://openalex.org/W1995419724","https://openalex.org/W1998017916","https://openalex.org/W2016335896","https://openalex.org/W2344189264","https://openalex.org/W2399999972","https://openalex.org/W2406626796","https://openalex.org/W2621913793","https://openalex.org/W2733118110","https://openalex.org/W2912451150","https://openalex.org/W6740444886","https://openalex.org/W7072251892"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2601638452","https://openalex.org/W4300598845","https://openalex.org/W2285263069","https://openalex.org/W4376107815","https://openalex.org/W4319309603","https://openalex.org/W4319309671","https://openalex.org/W2590733154","https://openalex.org/W1599985958","https://openalex.org/W1748623649","https://openalex.org/W4212986620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optimizing":[0],"the":[1,11,24,53],"production,":[2],"maintenance":[3],"and":[4,44],"extension":[5],"of":[6,61],"lexical":[7,77],"resources":[8],"is":[9,67],"one":[10,59],"crucial":[12],"aspects":[13],"impacting":[14],"natural":[15],"language":[16],"processing":[17],"(NLP).":[18],"A":[19],"second":[20],"aspect":[21],"involves":[22],"optimizing":[23],"process":[25],"leading":[26],"to":[27,68],"their":[28],"integration":[29],"in":[30],"applications.":[31],"With":[32],"this":[33],"respect,":[34],"we":[35],"believe":[36],"that":[37,74],"a":[38,49,70],"consensual":[39],"specification":[40],"on":[41],"monolingual,":[42],"bilingual":[43],"multilingual":[45,76],"lexicons":[46,73],"can":[47],"be":[48],"useful":[50],"aid":[51],"for":[52,72],"various":[54],"NLP":[55],"actors.":[56],"Within":[57],"ISO,":[58],"purpose":[60],"Lexical":[62],"Markup":[63],"Framework":[64],"(LMF,":[65],"ISO-24613)":[66],"define":[69],"standard":[71],"covers":[75],"data.":[78]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}