{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410385532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10515-025-00524-6","title":"The impact of feature selection and feature reduction techniques for code smell detection: A comprehensive empirical study","display_name":"The impact of feature selection and feature reduction techniques for code smell detection: A comprehensive empirical study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410385532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10515-025-00524-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10515-025-00524-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10515-025-00524-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177399","display_name":"Automated Software Engineering","issn_l":"0928-8910","issn":["0928-8910","1573-7535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088841746","display_name":"Zexian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-0533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zexian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory of Transportation Internet of Things, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Transportation Internet of Things, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048136889","display_name":"Lin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-280X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Wuhan Qingchuan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Wuhan Qingchuan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111346449","display_name":"Shuang Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7723-285X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Wuhan Qingchuan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Wuhan Qingchuan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101528660","display_name":"Wenhua Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1425-2881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhua Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory of Transportation Internet of Things, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Transportation Internet of Things, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100650768","display_name":"Shan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1189-7776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049927309","display_name":"Haoxuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-9093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoxuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory of Transportation Internet of Things, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Transportation Internet of Things, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077261644","display_name":"Fuyang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5862-9709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fuyang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory of Transportation Internet of Things, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Transportation Internet of Things, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077261644"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.65,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94271391,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.7957510948181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6703436374664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.609738826751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5909816026687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5666696429252625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5638822317123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4769895672798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43195176124572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14492708444595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07771185040473938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.055745989084243774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.7957510948181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6703436374664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.609738826751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5909816026687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5666696429252625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5638822317123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4769895672798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43195176124572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14492708444595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07771185040473938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.055745989084243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10515-025-00524-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10515-025-00524-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177399","display_name":"Automated Software Engineering","issn_l":"0928-8910","issn":["0928-8910","1573-7535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8813265929","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202350","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":95,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W649920412","https://openalex.org/W1491675663","https://openalex.org/W1500895378","https://openalex.org/W1808644423","https://openalex.org/W1970029789","https://openalex.org/W1986136726","https://openalex.org/W1991172342","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2004147962","https://openalex.org/W2010255648","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2062403468","https://openalex.org/W2062959882","https://openalex.org/W2068011713","https://openalex.org/W2080562691","https://openalex.org/W2087450238","https://openalex.org/W2103000160","https://openalex.org/W2103914106","https://openalex.org/W2113322762","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2132166479","https://openalex.org/W2143426320","https://openalex.org/W2143712427","https://openalex.org/W2160011548","https://openalex.org/W2165700458","https://openalex.org/W2166492919","https://openalex.org/W2167277498","https://openalex.org/W2170860398","https://openalex.org/W2245188050","https://openalex.org/W2474835145","https://openalex.org/W2560646185","https://openalex.org/W2608628736","https://openalex.org/W2620223397","https://openalex.org/W2731743750","https://openalex.org/W2769228232","https://openalex.org/W2790699127","https://openalex.org/W2796404405","https://openalex.org/W2802138742","https://openalex.org/W2888587644","https://openalex.org/W2908058835","https://openalex.org/W2914582798","https://openalex.org/W2921645495","https://openalex.org/W2999752750","https://openalex.org/W3022629704","https://openalex.org/W3035156651","https://openalex.org/W3080350722","https://openalex.org/W3089863335","https://openalex.org/W3112073754","https://openalex.org/W3112684890","https://openalex.org/W3119003027","https://openalex.org/W3121065372","https://openalex.org/W3131860561","https://openalex.org/W3134714752","https://openalex.org/W3134924824","https://openalex.org/W3165068894","https://openalex.org/W3165140051","https://openalex.org/W3169379781","https://openalex.org/W3170550652","https://openalex.org/W3172725337","https://openalex.org/W3173529525","https://openalex.org/W3195380442","https://openalex.org/W3195540850","https://openalex.org/W3203645265","https://openalex.org/W3205028703","https://openalex.org/W4205117944","https://openalex.org/W4206717847","https://openalex.org/W4210441933","https://openalex.org/W4225502803","https://openalex.org/W4280612166","https://openalex.org/W4281725808","https://openalex.org/W4285231209","https://openalex.org/W4313563778","https://openalex.org/W4319262605","https://openalex.org/W4382065790","https://openalex.org/W4385382627","https://openalex.org/W4387078716","https://openalex.org/W4387309212","https://openalex.org/W4388427134","https://openalex.org/W4389161905","https://openalex.org/W4390380216","https://openalex.org/W4390673931","https://openalex.org/W4390955522","https://openalex.org/W4391824680","https://openalex.org/W4393130983","https://openalex.org/W4396920041","https://openalex.org/W4399565903","https://openalex.org/W4399631976","https://openalex.org/W4403636918","https://openalex.org/W4403822453","https://openalex.org/W4409797178","https://openalex.org/W6607259140","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6636118231","https://openalex.org/W6773189689"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205762803","https://openalex.org/W2535856026","https://openalex.org/W2265065644","https://openalex.org/W2532234348","https://openalex.org/W3147584709","https://openalex.org/W2134699697","https://openalex.org/W3017188156","https://openalex.org/W2322875716","https://openalex.org/W4386564352","https://openalex.org/W2952668426"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}