{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408175000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10515-025-00492-x","title":"A study on prompt design, advantages and limitations of ChatGPT for deep learning program repair","display_name":"A study on prompt design, advantages and limitations of ChatGPT for deep learning program repair","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408175000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10515-025-00492-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10515-025-00492-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10515-025-00492-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177399","display_name":"Automated Software Engineering","issn_l":"0928-8910","issn":["0928-8910","1573-7535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10515-025-00492-x","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053372458","display_name":"Jialun Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4892-6294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159029","display_name":"Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvbj479","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I4210159029"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jialun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou, China","The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I4210159029"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056098400","display_name":"Meiziniu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5947-4030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159029","display_name":"Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvbj479","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I4210159029"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiziniu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I4210159029"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003031253","display_name":"Ming Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5588-9618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034057959","display_name":"Shing-Chi Cheung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3508-7172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159029","display_name":"Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvbj479","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I4210159029"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shing-Chi Cheung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou, China","The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I4210159029"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Sai Kung, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053372458"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I4210159029","https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"fwci":32.3772,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99740765,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46927610039711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36131787300109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3535526692867279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46927610039711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36131787300109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3535526692867279}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10515-025-00492-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10515-025-00492-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177399","display_name":"Automated Software Engineering","issn_l":"0928-8910","issn":["0928-8910","1573-7535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-149748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-149748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10515-025-00492-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10515-025-00492-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177399","display_name":"Automated Software Engineering","issn_l":"0928-8910","issn":["0928-8910","1573-7535"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1888249465","display_name":"\u81ea\u6210\u957f\u590d\u6742\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u5efa\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c\u652f\u6491\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61932021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323537","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2743151379","https://openalex.org/W2762550985","https://openalex.org/W2898868990","https://openalex.org/W2912083425","https://openalex.org/W2912440308","https://openalex.org/W2963900765","https://openalex.org/W2998870469","https://openalex.org/W2999691867","https://openalex.org/W3020617474","https://openalex.org/W3104802707","https://openalex.org/W3127021193","https://openalex.org/W3134796670","https://openalex.org/W3160349922","https://openalex.org/W3160369295","https://openalex.org/W3185341429","https://openalex.org/W4229068576","https://openalex.org/W4284681547","https://openalex.org/W4285490465","https://openalex.org/W4313232683","https://openalex.org/W4313547549","https://openalex.org/W4384302749","https://openalex.org/W4384304728","https://openalex.org/W4384345745","https://openalex.org/W4385222146","https://openalex.org/W4385302156","https://openalex.org/W4391558459","https://openalex.org/W4392669753","https://openalex.org/W4403792311","https://openalex.org/W6602260078","https://openalex.org/W6607543589","https://openalex.org/W6630224890","https://openalex.org/W6845170502","https://openalex.org/W6851092083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"emergence":[2],"of":[3,28,50,93,171,182,189],"large":[4],"language":[5],"models":[6,30],"(LLMs)":[7],"such":[8,35,185],"as":[9,36,186],"ChatGPT":[10,51,119,205],"has":[11,206],"revolutionized":[12],"many":[13],"fields.":[14],"In":[15,135],"particular,":[16],"recent":[17],"advances":[18],"in":[19,52,73,99,197],"LLMs":[20,79],"have":[21,46],"triggered":[22],"various":[23],"studies":[24,45],"examining":[25],"the":[26,48,66,74,84,91,142,147,175,207,233],"use":[27],"these":[29],"for":[31,153,165],"software":[32],"development":[33],"tasks,":[34],"program":[37,240],"repair,":[38],"code":[39,42,86,228],"understanding,":[40],"and":[41,156,180,192,194,214,218],"generation.":[43],"Prior":[44],"shown":[47],"capability":[49,98],"repairing":[53,100,166,241],"conventional":[54],"programs.":[55,95,168],"However,":[56],"debugging":[57],"deep":[58],"learning":[59],"(DL)":[60],"programs":[61,102,122,212],"poses":[62],"unique":[63],"challenges":[64],"since":[65],"decision":[67],"logic":[68],"is":[69,151],"not":[70,81],"directly":[71],"encoded":[72],"source":[75,85],"code.":[76],"This":[77],"requires":[78],"to":[80,112,209],"only":[82],"parse":[83],"syntactically":[87],"but":[88],"also":[89,231],"understand":[90],"intention":[92],"DL":[94,101,121,167,211],"Therefore,":[96],"ChatGPT\u2019s":[97,127,183,239],"remains":[103],"unknown.":[104],"To":[105],"fill":[106],"this":[107],"gap,":[108],"our":[109],"study":[110,145],"aims":[111],"answer":[113],"three":[114],"research":[115],"questions:":[116],"(1)":[117],"Can":[118],"debug":[120],"effectively?":[123],"(2)":[124],"How":[125],"can":[126,138,220,237],"repair":[128,210],"performance":[129,224],"be":[130],"improved":[131],"by":[132,225],"prompting?":[133],"(3)":[134],"which":[136],"way":[137],"dialogue":[139,219],"help":[140],"facilitate":[141],"repair?":[143],"Our":[144,201],"analyzes":[146],"typical":[148],"information":[149],"that":[150,161,204,215,236],"useful":[152],"prompt":[154,159,216],"design":[155],"suggests":[157],"enhanced":[158],"templates":[160],"are":[162],"more":[163,227],"efficient":[164],"On":[169],"top":[170],"them,":[172],"we":[173],"summarize":[174],"dual":[176],"perspectives":[177],"(i.e.,":[178],"advantages":[179],"disadvantages)":[181],"ability,":[184],"its":[187,195,223],"handling":[188],"API":[190],"misuse":[191],"recommendation,":[193],"shortcomings":[196],"identifying":[198],"default":[199],"parameters.":[200],"findings":[202],"indicate":[203],"potential":[208],"effectively":[213],"engineering":[217],"further":[221],"improve":[222],"providing":[226],"intention.":[229],"We":[230],"identified":[232],"key":[234],"intentions":[235],"enhance":[238],"capability.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}