{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394580124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-024-09399-6","title":"Large language models in cryptocurrency securities cases: can a GPT model meaningfully assist lawyers?","display_name":"Large language models in cryptocurrency securities cases: can a GPT model meaningfully assist lawyers?","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394580124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-024-09399-6","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41000177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10506-024-09399-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-024-09399-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10506-024-09399-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96609033","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","issn_l":"0924-8463","issn":["0924-8463","1572-8382"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10506-024-09399-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026049901","display_name":"Arianna Trozze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7383-4477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arianna Trozze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6EA UK","Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ UK","Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7383-4477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6EA UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088820022","display_name":"T. Davies","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9677-2579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toby Davies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ UK","School of Law, The Liberty Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK","Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Law, The Liberty Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019368074","display_name":"Bennett Kleinberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1658-9086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193700539","display_name":"Tilburg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04b8v1s79","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bennett Kleinberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands","Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ UK","Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026049901"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":29.7601,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99545826,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"3","first_page":"691","last_page":"737"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9587000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.941100001335144,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.9144724607467651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-aspects-of-computing","display_name":"Legal aspects of computing","score":0.5043011903762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.43845176696777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4203832447528839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-law","display_name":"Philosophy of law","score":0.4197283387184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.3739287257194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.36428117752075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.27546384930610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.23857465386390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2322767972946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.20982429385185242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1742326319217682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-law","display_name":"Public law","score":0.12285366654396057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.9144724607467651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67497173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977345","display_name":"Legal aspects of computing","level":3,"score":0.5043011903762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43845176696777344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4203832447528839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162040827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126842","display_name":"Philosophy of law","level":3,"score":0.4197283387184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3739287257194519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36428117752075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.27546384930610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.23857465386390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2322767972946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20982429385185242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1742326319217682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177986884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207892","display_name":"Public law","level":2,"score":0.12285366654396057}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10506-024-09399-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-024-09399-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10506-024-09399-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96609033","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","issn_l":"0924-8463","issn":["0924-8463","1572-8382"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41000177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41000177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial intelligence and law","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:tilburguniversity.edu:openaire/a0311433-b9b2-48e4-8558-6aaf13af2fc1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/a0311433-b9b2-48e4-8558-6aaf13af2fc1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923027","display_name":"Tilburg University Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Trozze, A, Davies, T & Kleinberg, B 2025, 'Large language models in cryptocurrency securities cases : can a GPT model meaningfully assist lawyers?', Artificial Intelligence and Law: An International Journal, vol. 33, pp. 691-737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-024-09399-6","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10194203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10194203/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10194203/1/Davies_Trozze%20et%20al.%20-%202024%20-%20Large%20language%20models%20in%20cryptocurrency%20securities.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   Artificial Intelligence and Law       (2024)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:211865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/211865/7/Large%20language%20models%20in%20cryptocurrency%20securities%20cases%20can%20a%20GPT%20model%20meaningfully%20assist%20lawyers.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11266274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12457457","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12457457/pdf/10506_2024_Article_9399.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12457457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12457457/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Artif Intell Law (Dordr)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10506-024-09399-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-024-09399-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10506-024-09399-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96609033","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","issn_l":"0924-8463","issn":["0924-8463","1572-8382"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G205667250","display_name":"EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Cybersecurity","funder_award_id":"EP/S022503/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394580124.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974991592","https://openalex.org/W2795610411","https://openalex.org/W2804807303","https://openalex.org/W2966983573","https://openalex.org/W3011505293","https://openalex.org/W3123590105","https://openalex.org/W3139580003","https://openalex.org/W3201100205","https://openalex.org/W4232705161","https://openalex.org/W4281557260","https://openalex.org/W4284897027","https://openalex.org/W4287327402","https://openalex.org/W4311253308","https://openalex.org/W4312341782","https://openalex.org/W4313445468","https://openalex.org/W4318977924","https://openalex.org/W4320009668","https://openalex.org/W4320854235","https://openalex.org/W4320854391","https://openalex.org/W4375958664","https://openalex.org/W4376142582","https://openalex.org/W4380558781","https://openalex.org/W4385067052","https://openalex.org/W4389546930","https://openalex.org/W6600445788"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981013049","https://openalex.org/W2080633635","https://openalex.org/W2065068111","https://openalex.org/W2753556841","https://openalex.org/W1606005905","https://openalex.org/W2187027340","https://openalex.org/W2938644490","https://openalex.org/W2337751453","https://openalex.org/W3024612645","https://openalex.org/W4290059185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"could":[4,36,215],"be":[5,146,190,193],"a":[6,65,73,83,199],"useful":[7],"tool":[8],"for":[9],"lawyers.":[10,124],"However,":[11,205],"empirical":[12],"research":[13,223],"on":[14,79],"their":[15,178],"effectiveness":[16],"in":[17,75,135,198,218,237,242],"conducting":[18],"legal":[19,39,43,47,126,158,185,220,232],"tasks":[20],"is":[21,72,224],"scant.":[22],"We":[23,50,88],"study":[24,229],"securities":[25,243],"cases":[26,94],"involving":[27],"cryptocurrencies":[28],"as":[29,239,241],"one":[30],"of":[31,171],"numerous":[32],"contexts":[33],"where":[34],"AI":[35],"support":[37],"the":[38,107,140,169,172,225],"process,":[40],"studying":[41],"GPT-3.5's":[42,125],"reasoning":[44,127,186,235],"and":[45,68,97,109,123,160,234,245],"ChatGPT's":[46,206],"drafting":[48,207,233],"capabilities.":[49],"examine":[51],"whether":[52,70],"a)":[53],"GPT-3.5":[54,96,181],"can":[55],"accurately":[56],"determine":[57,102],"which":[58,175],"laws":[59],"are":[60],"potentially":[61],"being":[62],"violated":[63],"from":[64,92,106],"fact":[66,90],"pattern,":[67],"b)":[69],"there":[71],"difference":[74],"juror":[76],"decision-making":[77],"based":[78,177],"complaints":[80,119],"written":[81,120],"by":[82,121],"lawyer":[84],"compared":[85],"to":[86,95,101,145,192,195,213,227],"ChatGPT.":[87],"feed":[89],"patterns":[91],"real-life":[93],"evaluate":[98],"its":[99],"ability":[100],"correct":[103,147,152],"potential":[104],"violations":[105,141],"scenario":[108],"exclude":[110],"spurious":[111],"violations.":[112],"Second,":[113],"we":[114,132],"had":[115],"mock":[116],"jurors":[117],"assess":[118],"ChatGPT":[122,154],"skills":[128,208],"proved":[129],"weak,":[130],"though":[131],"expect":[133],"improvement":[134],"future":[136],"models,":[137],"particularly":[138],"given":[139],"it":[142,188],"suggested":[143],"tended":[144],"(it":[148],"merely":[149],"missed":[150],"additional,":[151],"violations).":[153],"performed":[155],"better":[156],"at":[157,202],"drafting,":[159],"jurors'":[161],"decisions":[162],"were":[163],"not":[164],"statistically":[165],"significantly":[166],"associated":[167],"with":[168],"author":[170],"document":[173],"upon":[174],"they":[176],"decisions.":[179],"Because":[180],"cannot":[182],"satisfactorily":[183],"conduct":[184],"tasks,":[187],"would":[189],"unlikely":[191],"able":[194],"help":[196],"lawyers":[197,217],"meaningful":[200],"way":[201],"this":[203],"stage.":[204],"(though,":[209],"perhaps,":[210],"still":[211],"inferior":[212],"lawyers)":[214],"assist":[216],"providing":[219],"services.":[221],"Our":[222],"first":[226],"systematically":[228],"an":[230],"LLM's":[231],"capabilities":[236],"litigation,":[238],"well":[240],"law":[244],"cryptocurrency-related":[246],"misconduct.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
