{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005949547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-012-9131-x","title":"A history of AI and Law in 50 papers: 25\u00a0years of the international conference on AI and Law","display_name":"A history of AI and Law in 50 papers: 25\u00a0years of the international conference on AI and Law","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005949547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-012-9131-x","mag":"2005949547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10506-012-9131-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-012-9131-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96609033","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","issn_l":"0924-8463","issn":["0924-8463","1572-8382"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/25043","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074094975","display_name":"Trevor Bench\u2010Capon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3975-4398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Trevor Bench-Capon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031315168","display_name":"Micha\u0142 Araszkiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-3976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","display_name":"Jagiellonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03bqmcz70","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micha\u0142 Araszkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Legal Theory, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Legal Theory, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101664770","display_name":"Kevin D. Ashley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-0759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Ashley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034799166","display_name":"Katie Atkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-4106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katie Atkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074300569","display_name":"Floris Bex","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-9656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177639307","display_name":"University of Dundee","ror":"https://ror.org/03h2bxq36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["GB","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Floris Bex","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dundee, Dundee, UK","University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dundee, Dundee, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041042638","display_name":"Filipe Borges","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filipe Borges","raw_affiliation_strings":["Legal Information Systems, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Legal Information Systems, Paris, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042695596","display_name":"Dani\u00e8le Bourcier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Bourcier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Law and Complex Systems, CNRS, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Law and Complex Systems, CNRS, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105520893","display_name":"Paul Bourgine","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Bourgine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reseau National des Systemes Complexes, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reseau National des Systemes Complexes, Paris, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025701458","display_name":"Jack G. Conrad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-9385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121390","display_name":"Thomson Reuters (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/02kh7ez55","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121390","https://openalex.org/I68384125"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack G. Conrad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thomson Reuters Global Resources, Catalyst Lab, Baar, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thomson Reuters Global Resources, Catalyst Lab, Baar, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061968837","display_name":"Enrico Francesconi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8397-5820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103717","display_name":"Institute of Legal Information Theory and Techniques","ror":"https://ror.org/01as2bh37","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103717","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Francesconi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Legal Theory and Techniques, Italian National Research Council (ITTIG-CNR), Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Legal Theory and Techniques, Italian National Research Council (ITTIG-CNR), Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103717","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109053397","display_name":"Thomas F. Gordon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800804238","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/00px80p03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas F. Gordon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer FOKUS, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer FOKUS, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800804238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058360953","display_name":"Guido Governatori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9878-2762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guido Governatori","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA, Queensland Research Laboratory, St. Lucia, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Queensland Research Laboratory, St. Lucia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078661113","display_name":"Jochen L. Leidner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1219-4696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121390","display_name":"Thomson Reuters (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/02kh7ez55","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121390","https://openalex.org/I68384125"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jochen L. Leidner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thomson Reuters Global Resources, Catalyst Lab, Baar, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thomson Reuters Global Resources, Catalyst Lab, Baar, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020081385","display_name":"David Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3503-4644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148173","display_name":"Morgan, Lewis & Bockius (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04c0z3e83","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David D. Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["David D. Lewis Consulting, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David D. Lewis Consulting, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109266398","display_name":"Ronald P. Loui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79884896","display_name":"University of Illinois at Springfield","ror":"https://ror.org/0126qma51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79884896"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald P. Loui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois-Springfield, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois-Springfield, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79884896","https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111611263","display_name":"L. Thorne McCarty","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Thorne McCarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020760288","display_name":"Henry Prakken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3431-7757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry Prakken","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands","Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044245720","display_name":"Frank Schilder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8227-5099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68384125","display_name":"Thomson Reuters (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00m7gt169","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68384125"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Schilder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thomson Reuters Corporate Research and Development, Saint Paul, MN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thomson Reuters Corporate Research and Development, Saint Paul, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68384125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082420715","display_name":"Erich Schweighofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-5417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erich Schweighofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Law, Centre for Computers and Law, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Law, Centre for Computers and Law, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010467635","display_name":"Paul Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-3757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029146949","display_name":"Alex Tyrrell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68384125","display_name":"Thomson Reuters (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00m7gt169","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68384125"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Tyrrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thomson Reuters Corporate Research and Development, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thomson Reuters Corporate Research and Development, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68384125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060921040","display_name":"Bart Verheij","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-8751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bart Verheij","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085011444","display_name":"Douglas Walton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0728-1370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas N. Walton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research in Reasoning, Argumentation and Rhetoric, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Reasoning, Argumentation and Rhetoric, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063413613","display_name":"Adam Wyner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2958-3428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Z. Wyner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":11,"institutions_distinct_count":24,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074094975"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.5031,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":159,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99086975,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"215","last_page":"319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9581000208854675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5842019319534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.5821224451065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-law","display_name":"Philosophy of law","score":0.5728301405906677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-history","display_name":"Legal history","score":0.5338916182518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-aspects-of-computing","display_name":"Legal aspects of computing","score":0.518680214881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4675554037094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3684157133102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-law","display_name":"Comparative law","score":0.33999305963516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.32814162969589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.32404717803001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2275950312614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.21997323632240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08966132998466492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5842019319534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5821224451065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162040827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126842","display_name":"Philosophy of law","level":3,"score":0.5728301405906677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30730545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680004","display_name":"Legal history","level":2,"score":0.5338916182518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67497173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977345","display_name":"Legal aspects of computing","level":3,"score":0.518680214881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4675554037094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3684157133102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149209484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741338","display_name":"Comparative law","level":2,"score":0.33999305963516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.32814162969589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.32404717803001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2275950312614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.21997323632240295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08966132998466492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10506-012-9131-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-012-9131-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96609033","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","issn_l":"0924-8463","issn":["0924-8463","1572-8382"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire_cris_publications/9334b400-7657-4cfd-b3d0-71c0191b4d26","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/9334b400-7657-4cfd-b3d0-71c0191b4d26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bench-Capon, T, Araszkiewicz, M, Ashley, K, Atkinson, K, Bex, F, Borges, F, Bourcier, D, Bourgine, D, Conrad, J G, Francesconi, E, Gordon, T F, Governatori, G, Leidner, J L, Lewis, D D, Loui, R P, McCarty, L T, Prakken, H, Schilder, F, Schweighofer, E, Thompson, P, Tyrrell, A, Verheij, B, Walton, D N & Wyner, A Z 2012, 'A history of AI and Law in 50 papers : 25 years of the international conference on AI and Law', Artificial Intelligence and Law, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 215-319. < http://www.ai.rug.nl/~verheij/publications/ail2012.htm >","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/25043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/25043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401249","display_name":"Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","host_organization_name":"Jagiellonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"artyku\u0142 w czasopi\u015bmie"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.297.4383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.297.4383","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cgi.csc.liv.ac.uk/~tbc/publications/ICAIL25AuthorsVersion.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.304.3615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.304.3615","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.uu.nl/groups/IS/archive/henry/ICAIL25AuthorsVersion.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/230952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/230952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/9334b400-7657-4cfd-b3d0-71c0191b4d26","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ai.rug.nl/~verheij/publications/ail2012.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bench-Capon, T, Araszkiewicz, M, Ashley, K, Atkinson, K, Bex, F, Borges, F, Bourcier, D, Bourgine, D, Conrad, J G, Francesconi, E, Gordon, T F, Governatori, G, Leidner, J L, Lewis, D D, Loui, R P, McCarty, L T, Prakken, H, Schilder, F, Schweighofer, E, Thompson, P, Tyrrell, A, Verheij, B, Walton, D N & Wyner, A Z 2012, 'A history of AI and Law in 50 papers : 25 years of the international conference on AI and Law', Artificial Intelligence and Law, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 215-319. < http://www.ai.rug.nl/~verheij/publications/ail2012.htm >","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ruj.uj.edu.pl:item/25043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/25043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401249","display_name":"Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","host_organization_name":"Jagiellonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"artyku\u0142 w czasopi\u015bmie"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":310,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4145160","https://openalex.org/W7221777","https://openalex.org/W18236625","https://openalex.org/W20771186","https://openalex.org/W24106767","https://openalex.org/W26655238","https://openalex.org/W28214186","https://openalex.org/W31561947","https://openalex.org/W34550249","https://openalex.org/W65563293","https://openalex.org/W118477235","https://openalex.org/W129283682","https://openalex.org/W133221902","https://openalex.org/W164525691","https://openalex.org/W172988810","https://openalex.org/W177421036","https://openalex.org/W196763061","https://openalex.org/W205532704","https://openalex.org/W319736696","https://openalex.org/W331942934","https://openalex.org/W396555231","https://openalex.org/W560017174","https://openalex.org/W561674077","https://openalex.org/W561993517","https://openalex.org/W581684831","https://openalex.org/W586152901","https://openalex.org/W611848211","https://openalex.org/W631826017","https://openalex.org/W636778590","https://openalex.org/W638760486","https://openalex.org/W651638839","https://openalex.org/W658969731","https://openalex.org/W1486267044","https://openalex.org/W1487234737","https://openalex.org/W1487979485","https://openalex.org/W1488505771","https://openalex.org/W1491150152","https://openalex.org/W1492353967","https://openalex.org/W1492436717","https://openalex.org/W1493956528","https://openalex.org/W1496832333","https://openalex.org/W1496982372","https://openalex.org/W1498006498","https://openalex.org/W1500304810","https://openalex.org/W1506028345","https://openalex.org/W1506680948","https://openalex.org/W1507818620","https://openalex.org/W1509554433","https://openalex.org/W1516807177","https://openalex.org/W1518249528","https://openalex.org/W1521433304","https://openalex.org/W1524164055","https://openalex.org/W1528476210","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1536861783","https://openalex.org/W1541434994","https://openalex.org/W1547524103","https://openalex.org/W1550719106","https://openalex.org/W1565182730","https://openalex.org/W1566598272","https://openalex.org/W1570099351","https://openalex.org/W1576106079","https://openalex.org/W1577034617","https://openalex.org/W1581825063","https://openalex.org/W1584634947","https://openalex.org/W1593671444","https://openalex.org/W1594096799","https://openalex.org/W1601828931","https://openalex.org/W1603330466","https://openalex.org/W1603618493","https://openalex.org/W1605421440","https://openalex.org/W1606063821","https://openalex.org/W1606901355","https://openalex.org/W1607779331","https://openalex.org/W1636613648","https://openalex.org/W1686779877","https://openalex.org/W1722548028","https://openalex.org/W1744974913","https://openalex.org/W1752174299","https://openalex.org/W1752804396","https://openalex.org/W1780443464","https://openalex.org/W1803159072","https://openalex.org/W1851605424","https://openalex.org/W1879898357","https://openalex.org/W1919804909","https://openalex.org/W1947337586","https://openalex.org/W1953136326","https://openalex.org/W1965774555","https://openalex.org/W1966379407","https://openalex.org/W1966626839","https://openalex.org/W1966954430","https://openalex.org/W1968567610","https://openalex.org/W1968580477","https://openalex.org/W1968776705","https://openalex.org/W1969593469","https://openalex.org/W1969776745","https://openalex.org/W1970294997","https://openalex.org/W1972568059","https://openalex.org/W1972709490","https://openalex.org/W1972753218","https://openalex.org/W1974572827","https://openalex.org/W1979320841","https://openalex.org/W1981173442","https://openalex.org/W1981311312","https://openalex.org/W1982024802","https://openalex.org/W1982329760","https://openalex.org/W1982904830","https://openalex.org/W1984161375","https://openalex.org/W1986781756","https://openalex.org/W1995700735","https://openalex.org/W1995770214","https://openalex.org/W1996871201","https://openalex.org/W1997210479","https://openalex.org/W1998280593","https://openalex.org/W1998756099","https://openalex.org/W1999283223","https://openalex.org/W2000900121","https://openalex.org/W2002527263","https://openalex.org/W2002848380","https://openalex.org/W2003066662","https://openalex.org/W2003323143","https://openalex.org/W2003805585","https://openalex.org/W2004260949","https://openalex.org/W2006013414","https://openalex.org/W2006559750","https://openalex.org/W2010366788","https://openalex.org/W2010793828","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2011103481","https://openalex.org/W2012239333","https://openalex.org/W2015753041","https://openalex.org/W2018509459","https://openalex.org/W2022257388","https://openalex.org/W2024102269","https://openalex.org/W2024318497","https://openalex.org/W2026106485","https://openalex.org/W2027957496","https://openalex.org/W2029320362","https://openalex.org/W2031827268","https://openalex.org/W2032556714","https://openalex.org/W2032974234","https://openalex.org/W2033787843","https://openalex.org/W2034775650","https://openalex.org/W2035770827","https://openalex.org/W2035902442","https://openalex.org/W2035928539","https://openalex.org/W2037262533","https://openalex.org/W2037940981","https://openalex.org/W2038086538","https://openalex.org/W2038180015","https://openalex.org/W2038386889","https://openalex.org/W2038480249","https://openalex.org/W2038855474","https://openalex.org/W2039074475","https://openalex.org/W2039274370","https://openalex.org/W2039686381","https://openalex.org/W2039794841","https://openalex.org/W2040672389","https://openalex.org/W2041139729","https://openalex.org/W2041422034","https://openalex.org/W2042280927","https://openalex.org/W2042851346","https://openalex.org/W2044223990","https://openalex.org/W2044370617","https://openalex.org/W2046828146","https://openalex.org/W2048379900","https://openalex.org/W2048451539","https://openalex.org/W2048600620","https://openalex.org/W2050223480","https://openalex.org/W2052351877","https://openalex.org/W2052604718","https://openalex.org/W2052916539","https://openalex.org/W2053716189","https://openalex.org/W2053839853","https://openalex.org/W2054329666","https://openalex.org/W2054525468","https://openalex.org/W2055425697","https://openalex.org/W2055991537","https://openalex.org/W2057511617","https://openalex.org/W2058767821","https://openalex.org/W2062723412","https://openalex.org/W2063446341","https://openalex.org/W2065776138","https://openalex.org/W2068144010","https://openalex.org/W2069176561","https://openalex.org/W2069321861","https://openalex.org/W2069591255","https://openalex.org/W2073277235","https://openalex.org/W2074366137","https://openalex.org/W2076754485","https://openalex.org/W2080120721","https://openalex.org/W2082016936","https://openalex.org/W2083584323","https://openalex.org/W2083605078","https://openalex.org/W2084004968","https://openalex.org/W2084582605","https://openalex.org/W2087843564","https://openalex.org/W2087964658","https://openalex.org/W2088510451","https://openalex.org/W2089679326","https://openalex.org/W2091136898","https://openalex.org/W2092703685","https://openalex.org/W2092834548","https://openalex.org/W2093412334","https://openalex.org/W2094758254","https://openalex.org/W2096182694","https://openalex.org/W2097608136","https://openalex.org/W2097677609","https://openalex.org/W2097700520","https://openalex.org/W2097726431","https://openalex.org/W2099215247","https://openalex.org/W2102224868","https://openalex.org/W2103987643","https://openalex.org/W2104126268","https://openalex.org/W2104802723","https://openalex.org/W2107025559","https://openalex.org/W2108053427","https://openalex.org/W2108664951","https://openalex.org/W2109409153","https://openalex.org/W2110293626","https://openalex.org/W2111542911","https://openalex.org/W2112877948","https://openalex.org/W2114288113","https://openalex.org/W2115089538","https://openalex.org/W2115327068","https://openalex.org/W2116209939","https://openalex.org/W2116246756","https://openalex.org/W2116509046","https://openalex.org/W2117858142","https://openalex.org/W2118127527","https://openalex.org/W2119061506","https://openalex.org/W2120581177","https://openalex.org/W2121835362","https://openalex.org/W2122042124","https://openalex.org/W2128312778","https://openalex.org/W2128466244","https://openalex.org/W2129213188","https://openalex.org/W2131052787","https://openalex.org/W2131499132","https://openalex.org/W2131795851","https://openalex.org/W2133109597","https://openalex.org/W2133391912","https://openalex.org/W2134211747","https://openalex.org/W2137216461","https://openalex.org/W2141322619","https://openalex.org/W2142001056","https://openalex.org/W2143260818","https://openalex.org/W2143314283","https://openalex.org/W2143450754","https://openalex.org/W2144232471","https://openalex.org/W2145918162","https://openalex.org/W2145957733","https://openalex.org/W2146340995","https://openalex.org/W2146591455","https://openalex.org/W2148167777","https://openalex.org/W2152325153","https://openalex.org/W2152475379","https://openalex.org/W2154849078","https://openalex.org/W2155322595","https://openalex.org/W2156159857","https://openalex.org/W2156345911","https://openalex.org/W2156919195","https://openalex.org/W2159035778","https://openalex.org/W2160571468","https://openalex.org/W2161664509","https://openalex.org/W2163696229","https://openalex.org/W2165120645","https://openalex.org/W2165612380","https://openalex.org/W2168812553","https://openalex.org/W2171753860","https://openalex.org/W2171957060","https://openalex.org/W2238529471","https://openalex.org/W2335502651","https://openalex.org/W2335559472","https://openalex.org/W2396038514","https://openalex.org/W2398595547","https://openalex.org/W2442495973","https://openalex.org/W2465228153","https://openalex.org/W2466066735","https://openalex.org/W2476096155","https://openalex.org/W2495361593","https://openalex.org/W2498346826","https://openalex.org/W2570774740","https://openalex.org/W2587822774","https://openalex.org/W2612793397","https://openalex.org/W2678900356","https://openalex.org/W2773639084","https://openalex.org/W2912804155","https://openalex.org/W2913787061","https://openalex.org/W2914176469","https://openalex.org/W2917045119","https://openalex.org/W2970113970","https://openalex.org/W3121673662","https://openalex.org/W3123509826","https://openalex.org/W3124742527","https://openalex.org/W3125399593","https://openalex.org/W4205184193","https://openalex.org/W4206370914","https://openalex.org/W4214815610","https://openalex.org/W4239726313","https://openalex.org/W4243196516","https://openalex.org/W4245504577","https://openalex.org/W4245799329","https://openalex.org/W4249557263","https://openalex.org/W4250527073","https://openalex.org/W4250868552","https://openalex.org/W4254892326","https://openalex.org/W4256682192","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297215370"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080633635","https://openalex.org/W1981013049","https://openalex.org/W2978303194","https://openalex.org/W2065068111","https://openalex.org/W2753556841","https://openalex.org/W2988406727","https://openalex.org/W2313896173","https://openalex.org/W2187027340","https://openalex.org/W1606005905","https://openalex.org/W2800312371"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
