{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161388407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-026-07214-0","title":"Analyzing the performance of large language models on statement-level code summarization","display_name":"Analyzing the performance of large language models on statement-level code summarization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161388407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-026-07214-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10489-026-07214-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-026-07214-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74726891","display_name":"Applied Intelligence","issn_l":"0924-669X","issn":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101400445","display_name":"Jie Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4530-6495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangzhou University, Huayang West Road 196, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangzhou University, Huayang West Road 196, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438119","display_name":"Zhihui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-9726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangzhou University, Huayang West Road 196, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangzhou University, Huayang West Road 196, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084286138","display_name":"Tingting Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1187-8157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Macau, Avenida Padre Tom\u00e1s Pereira, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Macau, Avenida Padre Tom\u00e1s Pereira, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136310673","display_name":"Junwu Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junwu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangzhou University, Huayang West Road 196, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangzhou University, Huayang West Road 196, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040011484","display_name":"Ye Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7238-1013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonglong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangzhou University, Huayang West Road 196, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangzhou University, Huayang West Road 196, Yangzhou, 225127, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101400445","https://openalex.org/A5136310673"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5996779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"8","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.4659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.4659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.3133000135421753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.06030000001192093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.906499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.7404000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.569599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5231999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5077000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4163999855518341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.906499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9031999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.7404000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.569599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5515000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5231999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5077000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199519371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942695","display_name":"Source lines of code","level":3,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197947376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155608","display_name":"Comparability","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.2736999988555908}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10489-026-07214-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-026-07214-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74726891","display_name":"Applied Intelligence","issn_l":"0924-669X","issn":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032221556","https://openalex.org/W2037789405","https://openalex.org/W2070111972","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W3086449553","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3198685994","https://openalex.org/W4214548153","https://openalex.org/W4284667247","https://openalex.org/W4308641647","https://openalex.org/W4313547549","https://openalex.org/W4377971494","https://openalex.org/W4388483492","https://openalex.org/W4399631347","https://openalex.org/W4400181815","https://openalex.org/W4401042323","https://openalex.org/W4402673687","https://openalex.org/W4402897306","https://openalex.org/W4411552177","https://openalex.org/W4412835254","https://openalex.org/W4412888616","https://openalex.org/W7133210150"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-05-17T00:00:00"}