{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125589229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-025-07068-y","title":"A novel membrane-inspired evolutionary algorithm framework for VRPTW","display_name":"A novel membrane-inspired evolutionary algorithm framework for VRPTW","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125589229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-025-07068-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10489-025-07068-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-025-07068-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10489-025-07068-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74726891","display_name":"Applied Intelligence","issn_l":"0924-669X","issn":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10489-025-07068-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123773371","display_name":"Zhonghai Bai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghai Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, V\u0160B-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, V\u0160B-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123783282","display_name":"V\u00e1clav Sn\u00e1\u0161el","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149136","display_name":"Carbon Carbon Advanced Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03n8g5s30","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149136"]}],"countries":["CZ","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"V\u00e1clav Sn\u00e1\u0161el","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Technologies and Engineering, CATEN, Ostrava, Czech Republic","Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, V\u0160B-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9600-8319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Technologies and Engineering, CATEN, Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, V\u0160B-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123764818","display_name":"Seyedali Mirjalili","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103356709","display_name":"Obuda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ax71d21","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103356709"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142395","display_name":"Torrens University Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/0351xae06","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142395"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164922","display_name":"Innova (Hungary)","ror":"https://ror.org/05h443j18","country_code":"HU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164922"]}],"countries":["AU","CZ","HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyedali Mirjalili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Artifcial Intelligence Research and Optimisation, Torrens University Australia, Brisbane, Australia","Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, V\u0160B-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic","University Research and Innovation Center, Obuda University, 1034 , Budapest, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Artifcial Intelligence Research and Optimisation, Torrens University Australia, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142395"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, V\u0160B-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Research and Innovation Center, Obuda University, 1034 , Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103356709","https://openalex.org/I4210164922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062373963","display_name":"Bay Vo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2723-1138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155935","display_name":"HUTECH University","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpj2n48","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155935"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47265099","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qva2324","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023","https://openalex.org/I47265099"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bay Vo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155935","https://openalex.org/I47265099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086489376","display_name":"lingping kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingping Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, V\u0160B-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, V\u0160B-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080580357","display_name":"Xiaopeng Wang Xiaopeng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, V\u0160B-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, V\u0160B-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123783282"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455","https://openalex.org/I4210149136"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":7.336,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93323593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.7019000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5950999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5947999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-metaheuristic","display_name":"Parallel metaheuristic","score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5202999711036682}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.7019000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6306999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5950999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5947999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28767586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135006","display_name":"Parallel metaheuristic","level":4,"score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5202999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60891933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796575","display_name":"Ant colony","level":3,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.38989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.3781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96011364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815122","display_name":"Membrane computing","level":2,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.2612000107765198}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10489-025-07068-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-025-07068-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10489-025-07068-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74726891","display_name":"Applied Intelligence","issn_l":"0924-669X","issn":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.vsb.cz:10084/158650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10084/158650","pdf_url":"https://dspace.vsb.cz/bitstreams/93eab7b8-a00b-40af-8fef-e697a66b6c94/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401668","display_name":"DSpace V\u0160B-TUO (V\u0160B-TUO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","host_organization_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10489-025-07068-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-025-07068-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10489-025-07068-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74726891","display_name":"Applied Intelligence","issn_l":"0924-669X","issn":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2621904611","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CZ.10.03.01/00/22_/0000048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3771185154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CZ.10.03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3810236772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CZ.02.01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4396925471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CZ.02.01.01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4970537327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CZ.02.01.01/00/22 008/0004590","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6559616288","display_name":"Center for Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computing in System Brain Research","funder_award_id":"101136607","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6666489062","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CZ.10.03.01/00/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7594605176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CZ.02.01.01/00/22 008/0004590","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8052140988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101136607","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125589229.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202510507","https://openalex.org/W1203873326","https://openalex.org/W1568834902","https://openalex.org/W1841046261","https://openalex.org/W1973565128","https://openalex.org/W1993257498","https://openalex.org/W2001944236","https://openalex.org/W2010418932","https://openalex.org/W2013031437","https://openalex.org/W2040140158","https://openalex.org/W2040678783","https://openalex.org/W2045401562","https://openalex.org/W2051828520","https://openalex.org/W2082025713","https://openalex.org/W2089670420","https://openalex.org/W2093952957","https://openalex.org/W2096305430","https://openalex.org/W2111563176","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2154929945","https://openalex.org/W2158708642","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2376557535","https://openalex.org/W2466971070","https://openalex.org/W3027101721","https://openalex.org/W3110139387","https://openalex.org/W4205176241","https://openalex.org/W4206085254","https://openalex.org/W4206918024","https://openalex.org/W4210580908","https://openalex.org/W4236605548","https://openalex.org/W4241727697","https://openalex.org/W4252684946","https://openalex.org/W4292083457","https://openalex.org/W4307722364","https://openalex.org/W4317629012","https://openalex.org/W4319159848","https://openalex.org/W4391517554","https://openalex.org/W4391990016","https://openalex.org/W4392144229","https://openalex.org/W4392405814","https://openalex.org/W4392938453","https://openalex.org/W4396941395","https://openalex.org/W4396973355","https://openalex.org/W4399932354","https://openalex.org/W4401844157"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,134,165,178],"vehicle":[2],"routing":[3],"problem":[4,32],"with":[5,174,185],"time":[6],"windows":[7],"(VRPTW)":[8],"has":[9,25],"gained":[10],"much":[11],"attention":[12],"recently":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,28,51,62,72,79,130,160],"its":[16],"wide":[17],"application":[18],"in":[19,198],"operations":[20],"research":[21],"and":[22,49,68,106,118,155,188,207],"logistics.":[23],"VRPTW":[24,163],"been":[26],"proven":[27],"be":[29],"an":[30],"NP-hard":[31],"whose":[33],"optimal":[34,74],"solution":[35,129],"is":[36,140],"computationally":[37],"costly.":[38],"Scholars":[39],"have":[40],"proposed":[41,138,211],"many":[42],"methods,":[43],"such":[44],"as":[45],"exact":[46],"algorithms,":[47],"heuristics,":[48],"metaheuristics,":[50,146],"find":[52],"near-optimal":[53],"solutions":[54],"for":[55],"the":[56,112,120,137,162,181,186,194,205,210],"VRPTW.":[57],"Exact":[58],"algorithms":[59,67,117],"are":[60,167],"limited":[61],"small-scale":[63],"problems,":[64],"while":[65],"heuristic":[66],"metaheuristics":[69,116],"often":[70],"converge":[71],"locally":[73],"solutions,":[75],"despite":[76],"their":[77],"applicability":[78],"larger-scale":[80],"problems.":[81,133],"This":[82],"paper":[83],"proposes":[84],"a":[85,127],"novel":[86],"membrane-inspired":[87],"evolutionary":[88,95],"algorithm":[89,195],"framework":[90],"(MEAF)":[91],"consisting":[92],"of":[93,114,122,136,172,180,201,209],"isolated":[94],"rules,":[96,99,102],"communication":[97,100],"output":[98],"input":[101],"fusion-exchange":[103],"information":[104],"operation,":[105],"membrane":[107],"dissolution":[108],"rules.":[109],"By":[110],"leveraging":[111],"advantages":[113],"multiple":[115],"avoiding":[119],"pitfalls":[121],"local":[123],"optima,":[124],"MEAF":[125,139],"offers":[126],"promising":[128],"address":[131],"complex":[132],"effectiveness":[135,206],"verified":[141],"by":[142],"applying":[143],"three":[144],"classical":[145],"namely":[147],"Genetic":[148],"Algorithm":[149,158],"(GA),":[150],"Ant":[151],"Colony":[152],"System":[153],"(ACS),":[154],"Particle":[156],"Swarm":[157],"(PSO),":[159],"solve":[161],"problem.":[164],"experiments":[166],"run":[168],"on":[169],"56":[170,202],"instances":[171],"Solomon":[173],"100":[175],"client":[176],"benchmarks.":[177],"evaluation":[179],"experimental":[182],"results":[183],"combined":[184],"mean":[187],"standard":[189],"deviation":[190],"values":[191],"show":[192],"that":[193],"performs":[196],"better":[197],"54":[199],"out":[200],"instances,":[203],"demonstrating":[204],"stability":[208],"algorithm.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-01-25T00:00:00"}
