{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417477835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-025-06925-0","title":"PerQoDA: strength of association between data and labels as a measure of dataset quality in network traffic classification","display_name":"PerQoDA: strength of association between data and labels as a measure of dataset quality in network traffic classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417477835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-025-06925-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10489-025-06925-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-025-06925-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74726891","display_name":"Applied Intelligence","issn_l":"0924-669X","issn":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014979203","display_name":"Katarzyna Wasielewska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8087-790X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Katarzyna Wasielewska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8087-790X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054644589","display_name":"Dominik Soukup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-8735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Soukup","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-8735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062180857","display_name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u010cejka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7794-9511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54634078","display_name":"CESNET, z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob","ror":"https://ror.org/050dkka69","country_code":"CZ","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54634078"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u010cejka","raw_affiliation_strings":["CESNET a.l.e., Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7794-9511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESNET a.l.e., Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54634078"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111784570","display_name":"Joe Carthy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1489-3279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe Carthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1489-3279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022501133","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Camacho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9804-8122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Camacho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9804-8122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014979203"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13224946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.8425999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.8425999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.01759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.014100000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.6118999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6018000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5633000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.541100025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permutation","display_name":"Permutation (music)","score":0.5095000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5055000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.4571000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.3993000090122223}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8907999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.6118999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6018000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5925999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5889000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5841000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5633000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.541100025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21308566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169365","display_name":"Permutation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5095000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5055000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.4571000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123860398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934605","display_name":"Multiclass classification","level":3,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193524817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386780","display_name":"Association rule learning","level":2,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779190172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913888","display_name":"Binary data","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10489-025-06925-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-025-06925-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74726891","display_name":"Applied Intelligence","issn_l":"0924-669X","issn":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5611503438","display_name":"Flow-based Encrypted Traffic Analysis","funder_award_id":"VJ02010024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311333","funder_display_name":"Ministerstvo Vnitra \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7453061217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"893146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338438","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G870398211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-113462RB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311333","display_name":"Ministerstvo Vnitra \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","ror":"https://ror.org/05w1nn565"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338438","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488692668","https://openalex.org/W2019381242","https://openalex.org/W2138752966","https://openalex.org/W2591712613","https://openalex.org/W2802817419","https://openalex.org/W2877069161","https://openalex.org/W2914963813","https://openalex.org/W2949697405","https://openalex.org/W2950070841","https://openalex.org/W2981372033","https://openalex.org/W2997655715","https://openalex.org/W3020674209","https://openalex.org/W3037824585","https://openalex.org/W3038955483","https://openalex.org/W3047853208","https://openalex.org/W3084110275","https://openalex.org/W3084346886","https://openalex.org/W3091465848","https://openalex.org/W3109044914","https://openalex.org/W3114468998","https://openalex.org/W3135028703","https://openalex.org/W3157968420","https://openalex.org/W3159579291","https://openalex.org/W3163960008","https://openalex.org/W3170931228","https://openalex.org/W3206325220","https://openalex.org/W4200194166","https://openalex.org/W4205563824","https://openalex.org/W4205680164","https://openalex.org/W4220923188","https://openalex.org/W4281687072","https://openalex.org/W4282936254","https://openalex.org/W4285160154","https://openalex.org/W4309346044","https://openalex.org/W4312240912","https://openalex.org/W4313837379","https://openalex.org/W4317904898","https://openalex.org/W4318464891","https://openalex.org/W4366407820","https://openalex.org/W4376616081","https://openalex.org/W4385624909","https://openalex.org/W4399513333","https://openalex.org/W4399896577","https://openalex.org/W4400233755"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-12-19T00:00:00"}
