{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413888966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-025-06641-9","title":"Deep learning-based multi-element identification system for percutaneous endoscopic spine surgery: development and comparative evaluation of neural network models","display_name":"Deep learning-based multi-element identification system for percutaneous endoscopic spine surgery: development and comparative evaluation of neural network models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413888966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-025-06641-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10489-025-06641-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-025-06641-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74726891","display_name":"Applied Intelligence","issn_l":"0924-669X","issn":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025949732","display_name":"Jinhui Bu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103530","display_name":"Changsha Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0132wmv23","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhui Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","Department of Spine Surgery, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Changsha, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Spine Surgery, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Changsha, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103530","https://openalex.org/I91935597","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114148125","display_name":"Yari Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yari Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090052616","display_name":"Jiaqi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3564-5090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041128499","display_name":"Sen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-3161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004183536","display_name":"Jun Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7511-449X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132906","display_name":"Xuzhou Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/048q23a93","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780","https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102775589","display_name":"Zhenfei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4188-5231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132906","display_name":"Xuzhou Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/048q23a93","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenfei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780","https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100670828","display_name":"Long Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8983-2687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169351748","display_name":"Bengbu Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01f8qvj05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169351748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169351748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027294858","display_name":"Lei Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0503-7561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082572907","display_name":"Bo He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1324-806X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100618884","display_name":"Minghui Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6965-2862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086818633","display_name":"Guangpu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5126-8603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132906","display_name":"Xuzhou Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/048q23a93","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guangpu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780","https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019257999","display_name":"Ru Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-8106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132906","display_name":"Xuzhou Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/048q23a93","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangpu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780","https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100410930","display_name":"Chao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5205-2984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132906","display_name":"Xuzhou Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/048q23a93","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ru Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780","https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100410930","display_name":"Chao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5205-2984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132906","display_name":"Xuzhou Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/048q23a93","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780","https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006787391","display_name":"Guangwang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-4568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132906","display_name":"Xuzhou Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/048q23a93","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guangwang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780","https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006787391","display_name":"Guangwang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-4568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132906","display_name":"Xuzhou Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/048q23a93","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangwang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Affiliated Xuzhou Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China, People\u2019s Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780","https://openalex.org/I4210132906"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006787391","https://openalex.org/A5086818633"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780","https://openalex.org/I4210132906"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14908041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"11","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10776","display_name":"Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8448265790939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5913946628570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.579415500164032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spine","display_name":"SPINE (molecular biology)","score":0.5519129037857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5432693958282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5131168961524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/percutaneous","display_name":"Percutaneous","score":0.4609115719795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.23466017842292786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.1536329686641693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11529958248138428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8448265790939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5913946628570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.579415500164032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205383261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7392570","display_name":"SPINE (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.5519129037857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5432693958282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5131168961524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2071287","display_name":"Percutaneous","level":2,"score":0.4609115719795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.23466017842292786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.1536329686641693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11529958248138428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10489-025-06641-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-025-06641-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74726891","display_name":"Applied Intelligence","issn_l":"0924-669X","issn":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3082501245","https://openalex.org/W3135433242","https://openalex.org/W3135753751","https://openalex.org/W3155103512","https://openalex.org/W3189653835","https://openalex.org/W4200586254","https://openalex.org/W4379880150","https://openalex.org/W4387170583","https://openalex.org/W4389221690","https://openalex.org/W4389526353","https://openalex.org/W4390349688","https://openalex.org/W4390640969","https://openalex.org/W4390839272","https://openalex.org/W4392358335","https://openalex.org/W4392940320","https://openalex.org/W4393188571","https://openalex.org/W4396936429","https://openalex.org/W4399189564","https://openalex.org/W4402307584","https://openalex.org/W4403320344","https://openalex.org/W4403563630","https://openalex.org/W4404717429","https://openalex.org/W4404838659","https://openalex.org/W4404908318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2410022838","https://openalex.org/W2484469222","https://openalex.org/W4393456392","https://openalex.org/W4250259732","https://openalex.org/W4404695885","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W4393693799","https://openalex.org/W4393509146","https://openalex.org/W4393896774","https://openalex.org/W4393745133"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-20T07:56:41.581041","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
