{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306993088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-022-04173-0","title":"Projection based inverse reinforcement learning for the analysis of dynamic treatment regimes","display_name":"Projection based inverse reinforcement learning for the analysis of dynamic treatment regimes","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306993088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-022-04173-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10489-022-04173-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-022-04173-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10489-022-04173-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74726891","display_name":"Applied Intelligence","issn_l":"0924-669X","issn":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10489-022-04173-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045580773","display_name":"Syed Ihtesham Hussain Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6390-1864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed Ihtesham Hussain Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ICT and Engineering, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy","ICAR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6390-1864","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ICT and Engineering, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025157025","display_name":"Giuseppe De Pietro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4675-5957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe De Pietro","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004099494","display_name":"Giovanni Paragliola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3580-9232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Paragliola","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088137751","display_name":"Antonio Coronato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8177-032X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165932","display_name":"Giustino Fortunato University","ror":"https://ror.org/0592q0v50","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165932"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Coronato","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy","Universit\u00e0 Telematica Giustino Fortunato, Benevento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Telematica Giustino Fortunato, Benevento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165932"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045580773"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.8778,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7440638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"11","first_page":"14072","last_page":"14084"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.9656999707221985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9423999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8655267953872681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7822098731994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6216057538986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.616449773311615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5139679312705994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.49431824684143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.4838334619998932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.450361043214798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographics","display_name":"Demographics","score":0.41631847620010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.0893029272556305}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8655267953872681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7822098731994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6216057538986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.616449773311615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5139679312705994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.49431824684143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4838334619998932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.450361043214798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.41631847620010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0893029272556305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10489-022-04173-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-022-04173-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10489-022-04173-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74726891","display_name":"Applied Intelligence","issn_l":"0924-669X","issn":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10489-022-04173-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-022-04173-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10489-022-04173-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74726891","display_name":"Applied Intelligence","issn_l":"0924-669X","issn":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1878189925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ARS01 00900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306993088.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27306700","https://openalex.org/W117619002","https://openalex.org/W1978772599","https://openalex.org/W1981158530","https://openalex.org/W1988440852","https://openalex.org/W1991676478","https://openalex.org/W1995001963","https://openalex.org/W1999874108","https://openalex.org/W2007151269","https://openalex.org/W2027795129","https://openalex.org/W2032602512","https://openalex.org/W2051228319","https://openalex.org/W2086498948","https://openalex.org/W2120839204","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2125283006","https://openalex.org/W2134103864","https://openalex.org/W2145829640","https://openalex.org/W2155639879","https://openalex.org/W2165612525","https://openalex.org/W2175259684","https://openalex.org/W2332062577","https://openalex.org/W2560821354","https://openalex.org/W2744140371","https://openalex.org/W2946485478","https://openalex.org/W2952472710","https://openalex.org/W2955270119","https://openalex.org/W2957331199","https://openalex.org/W2963561234","https://openalex.org/W2984517462","https://openalex.org/W3011591403","https://openalex.org/W3090832565","https://openalex.org/W3099098707","https://openalex.org/W3109993998","https://openalex.org/W3185645281","https://openalex.org/W3197068604","https://openalex.org/W3198583967","https://openalex.org/W3206286372","https://openalex.org/W3216656735","https://openalex.org/W4206784960","https://openalex.org/W4206808993","https://openalex.org/W4211141838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121380072","https://openalex.org/W1508220431","https://openalex.org/W2920061524","https://openalex.org/W4310083477","https://openalex.org/W2942793592","https://openalex.org/W2602311653","https://openalex.org/W2333615638","https://openalex.org/W1977959518","https://openalex.org/W2107890255","https://openalex.org/W2089013912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Dynamic":[1],"Treatment":[2],"Regimes":[3],"(DTRs)":[4],"are":[5,29,58,69,80],"adaptive":[6],"treatment":[7,16,76],"strategies":[8],"that":[9],"allow":[10],"clinicians":[11],"to":[12,25,50,92,104,114,151,178,198,212,218],"personalize":[13],"dynamically":[14],"the":[15,75,83,102,117,126,130,140,153,180,200,220,232],"for":[17,36,54,185,205,231],"each":[18,37,72],"patient":[19,41],"based":[20],"on":[21],"their":[22,26,78],"step-by-step":[23],"response":[24],"treatment.":[27],"There":[28],"a":[30,55,106,170,191,206,227],"series":[31],"of":[32,46,64,74,139,202],"predefined":[33],"alternative":[34],"treatments":[35,48],"disease":[38,57],"and":[39,60,77,223],"any":[40],"may":[42,98,111],"associate":[43],"with":[44],"one":[45],"these":[47],"according":[49],"his/her":[51],"demographics.":[52],"DTRs":[53,203],"certain":[56,207],"studied":[59],"evaluated":[61],"by":[62,101],"means":[63],"statistical":[65],"approaches":[66,97],"where":[67],"patients":[68],"randomized":[70],"at":[71],"step":[73],"responses":[79],"observed.":[81],"Recently,":[82],"Reinforcement":[84,145,174],"Learning":[85,146,175],"(RL)":[86],"paradigm":[87],"has":[88,148],"also":[89],"been":[90,149],"applied":[91],"determine":[93],"DTRs.":[94],"However,":[95],"such":[96,158],"be":[99,112,195],"limited":[100],"need":[103],"design":[105,131],"true":[107,181],"reward":[108,154,183,192],"function,":[109],"which":[110],"difficult":[113],"formalize":[115],"when":[116,125],"expert":[118],"knowledge":[119],"is":[120,128],"not":[121],"well":[122,210],"assessed,":[123],"as":[124,159,209,211,226],"DTR":[127,163],"in":[129],"phase.":[132],"To":[133],"address":[134],"this":[135,166],"limitation,":[136],"an":[137,214],"extension":[138],"RL":[141],"paradigm,":[142],"namely":[143],"Inverse":[144,173],"(IRL),":[147],"adopted":[150],"learn":[152,179],"function":[155,184,193],"from":[156,162],"data,":[157],"those":[160],"derived":[161],"trials.":[164],"In":[165],"paper,":[167],"we":[168],"define":[169],"Projection":[171],"Based":[172],"(PB-IRL)":[176],"approach":[177],"underlying":[182],"given":[186],"demonstrations":[187],"(DTR":[188],"trials).":[189],"Such":[190],"can":[194],"used":[196],"both":[197],"evaluate":[199],"set":[201],"determined":[204],"disease,":[208],"enable":[213],"RL-based":[215],"intelligent":[216],"agent":[217],"self-learn":[219],"best":[221],"way":[222],"then":[224],"act":[225],"decision":[228],"support":[229],"system":[230],"clinician.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}