{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206256100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-021-02958-3","title":"Multiple weak supervision for short text classification","display_name":"Multiple weak supervision for short text classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206256100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-021-02958-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10489-021-02958-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-021-02958-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10489-021-02958-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74726891","display_name":"Applied Intelligence","issn_l":"0924-669X","issn":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10489-021-02958-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020955755","display_name":"Li-Ming Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li-Ming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088377868","display_name":"Baoxin Xiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bao-Xin Xiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012085281","display_name":"Zhaoyun Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7167-5801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao-Yun Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020955755"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":2.9167,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91887104,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"8","first_page":"9101","last_page":"9116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8712897300720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6216355562210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeled-data","display_name":"Labeled data","score":0.6170406341552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6097148060798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recall","display_name":"Recall","score":0.5349549055099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5135579109191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4978067874908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.4829398989677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/f1-score","display_name":"F1 score","score":0.45508626103401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.45450857281684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3298509120941162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8712897300720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6216355562210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.6170406341552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6097148060798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.5349549055099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5135579109191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4978067874908447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.4829398989677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.45508626103401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45450857281684875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3298509120941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10489-021-02958-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-021-02958-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10489-021-02958-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74726891","display_name":"Applied Intelligence","issn_l":"0924-669X","issn":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10489-021-02958-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-021-02958-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10489-021-02958-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S74726891","display_name":"Applied Intelligence","issn_l":"0924-669X","issn":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206256100.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206256100.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28412257","https://openalex.org/W102708294","https://openalex.org/W144673766","https://openalex.org/W171009253","https://openalex.org/W298402441","https://openalex.org/W1506491340","https://openalex.org/W1515300998","https://openalex.org/W1955018252","https://openalex.org/W1973953796","https://openalex.org/W1982589161","https://openalex.org/W1989127062","https://openalex.org/W2000117996","https://openalex.org/W2003303386","https://openalex.org/W2003497265","https://openalex.org/W2003962224","https://openalex.org/W2006260073","https://openalex.org/W2013666239","https://openalex.org/W2020740057","https://openalex.org/W2040241219","https://openalex.org/W2053724458","https://openalex.org/W2061863227","https://openalex.org/W2065589283","https://openalex.org/W2072615238","https://openalex.org/W2090552208","https://openalex.org/W2091144449","https://openalex.org/W2104167780","https://openalex.org/W2104933073","https://openalex.org/W2106136950","https://openalex.org/W2107598941","https://openalex.org/W2132232498","https://openalex.org/W2132454116","https://openalex.org/W2132791018","https://openalex.org/W2141826465","https://openalex.org/W2147152072","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2164330572","https://openalex.org/W2169336678","https://openalex.org/W2170375455","https://openalex.org/W2170989440","https://openalex.org/W2190897766","https://openalex.org/W2282174177","https://openalex.org/W2591700809","https://openalex.org/W2735364069","https://openalex.org/W2746791238","https://openalex.org/W2754878481","https://openalex.org/W2762829504","https://openalex.org/W2769041395","https://openalex.org/W2779065679","https://openalex.org/W2800318991","https://openalex.org/W2883420210","https://openalex.org/W2912150279","https://openalex.org/W2913338690","https://openalex.org/W2913521711","https://openalex.org/W2945811520","https://openalex.org/W2947321331","https://openalex.org/W2956158857","https://openalex.org/W2959716049","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2962843773","https://openalex.org/W2963019788","https://openalex.org/W2964822915","https://openalex.org/W2965796614","https://openalex.org/W2973043087","https://openalex.org/W2980748755","https://openalex.org/W2992548114","https://openalex.org/W2997200074","https://openalex.org/W2997838478","https://openalex.org/W3005557609","https://openalex.org/W3098065087","https://openalex.org/W4313371817","https://openalex.org/W6600547436"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2358294942","https://openalex.org/W4367460280","https://openalex.org/W4387490204","https://openalex.org/W4386414453","https://openalex.org/W4389848424","https://openalex.org/W4388937883","https://openalex.org/W4293205612","https://openalex.org/W4383225805","https://openalex.org/W4352976590","https://openalex.org/W4297839701"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"For":[1,18],"short":[2,73],"text":[3,74],"classification,":[4],"insufficient":[5],"labeled":[6],"data,":[7],"data":[8,29],"sparsity,":[9],"and":[10,68,92],"imbalanced":[11,72],"classification":[12,75],"have":[13],"become":[14],"three":[15],"major":[16],"challenges.":[17],"this,":[19],"we":[20],"proposed":[21,36],"multiple":[22,56,82],"weak":[23,57,83],"supervision,":[24],"which":[25,102],"can":[26,38,77,94,103],"label":[27],"unlabeled":[28,71],"automatically.":[30],"Different":[31],"from":[32],"prior":[33],"work,":[34],"the":[35,53],"method":[37],"generate":[39],"probabilistic":[40],"labels":[41],"through":[42],"conditional":[43],"independent":[44],"model.":[45],"What\u2019s":[46],"more,":[47],"experiments":[48],"were":[49],"conducted":[50],"to":[51,60,106],"verify":[52],"effectiveness":[54],"of":[55],"supervision.":[58,84],"According":[59],"experimental":[61],"results":[62],"on":[63],"public":[64],"dadasets,":[65],"real":[66],"datasets":[67],"synthetic":[69],"datasets,":[70],"problem":[76],"be":[78,95,104],"solved":[79],"effectively":[80],"by":[81,97],"Notably,":[85],"without":[86],"reducing":[87],"precision":[88],",":[89,91],"recall":[90],"F1-score":[93],"improved":[96],"adding":[98],"distant":[99],"supervision":[100],"clustering,":[101],"used":[105],"meet":[107],"different":[108],"application":[109],"needs.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T23:00:34.991745","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}