{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408334226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-025-06553-4","title":"Markov decision process and approximate dynamic programming for a patient assignment scheduling problem","display_name":"Markov decision process and approximate dynamic programming for a patient assignment scheduling problem","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408334226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-025-06553-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10479-025-06553-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-025-06553-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-025-06553-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57667410","display_name":"Annals of Operations Research","issn_l":"0254-5330","issn":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-025-06553-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079337177","display_name":"Ma\u0142gorzata M. O\u2019Reilly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3898-3957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ma\u0142gorzata M. O\u2019Reilly","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099670388","display_name":"Sebastian Krasnicki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Krasnicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024921295","display_name":"James Montgomery","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5360-7514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Montgomery","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Technology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Technology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008107274","display_name":"Mojtaba Heydar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9277-9370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106718257","display_name":"BHP (Australia)","ror":"https://ror.org/04674kj97","country_code":"AU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106718257"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mojtaba Heydar","raw_affiliation_strings":["BHP, Perth, WA, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BHP, Perth, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106718257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016775792","display_name":"Richard Turner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2276-8999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Turner","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010118927","display_name":"PJ van Dam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3341-6793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pieter Van Dam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nursing, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035556161","display_name":"Peter Maree","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9709-7691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124736","display_name":"Family Planning NSW","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0cs367","country_code":"AU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124736"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Maree","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strategy and Planning, Department of Health, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategy and Planning, Department of Health, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124736"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079337177"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":2.8126,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85657546,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"347","issue":"3","first_page":"1493","last_page":"1531"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11773","display_name":"Healthcare Operations and Scheduling Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11773","display_name":"Healthcare Operations and Scheduling Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11095","display_name":"Emergency and Acute Care Studies","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12174","display_name":"Hospital Admissions and Outcomes","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.7948356866836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7103911638259888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-computation","display_name":"Theory of computation","score":0.6923038363456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.6245455741882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6037999391555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5203961133956909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.46539032459259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-process","display_name":"Decision process","score":0.44970014691352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-priority-scheduling","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","score":0.4476543664932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partially-observable-markov-decision-process","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","score":0.4290691018104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-shop-scheduling","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","score":0.4212521016597748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4008464813232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.3254665434360504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.23238229751586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1981593370437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1498105525970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.12391003966331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.10425755381584167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.7948356866836548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7103911638259888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24858836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844718","display_name":"Theory of computation","level":2,"score":0.6923038363456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.6245455741882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6037999391555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5203961133956909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.46539032459259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984634286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331926","display_name":"Decision process","level":2,"score":0.44970014691352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.4476543664932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17098449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176814","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","level":4,"score":0.4290691018104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.4212521016597748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4008464813232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.3254665434360504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.23238229751586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1981593370437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1498105525970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.12391003966331482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.10425755381584167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10479-025-06553-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-025-06553-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-025-06553-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57667410","display_name":"Annals of Operations Research","issn_l":"0254-5330","issn":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:annopr:v:347:y:2025:i:3:d:10.1007_s10479-025-06553-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10479-025-06553-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10479-025-06553-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-025-06553-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-025-06553-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57667410","display_name":"Annals of Operations Research","issn_l":"0254-5330","issn":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G784984450","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LP140100152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320609","display_name":"University of Tasmania","ror":"https://ror.org/01nfmeh72"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408334226.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166751945","https://openalex.org/W1541626329","https://openalex.org/W1601081659","https://openalex.org/W2013419272","https://openalex.org/W2028145673","https://openalex.org/W2037753834","https://openalex.org/W2043342071","https://openalex.org/W2051473963","https://openalex.org/W2056302562","https://openalex.org/W2062457326","https://openalex.org/W2063107541","https://openalex.org/W2109634117","https://openalex.org/W2118098980","https://openalex.org/W2132172444","https://openalex.org/W2142728935","https://openalex.org/W2154723371","https://openalex.org/W2167660788","https://openalex.org/W2321292752","https://openalex.org/W2334782222","https://openalex.org/W2534461878","https://openalex.org/W2559887629","https://openalex.org/W2601832346","https://openalex.org/W2608402432","https://openalex.org/W2888970663","https://openalex.org/W2909737634","https://openalex.org/W3013093472","https://openalex.org/W3013124643","https://openalex.org/W3035096320","https://openalex.org/W3049001109","https://openalex.org/W3167893272","https://openalex.org/W3170132667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096013579","https://openalex.org/W52153049","https://openalex.org/W1760611253","https://openalex.org/W1515117609","https://openalex.org/W1589140671","https://openalex.org/W4323315247","https://openalex.org/W2294884454","https://openalex.org/W3169161914","https://openalex.org/W4321379664","https://openalex.org/W2211790881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,154,180],"study":[2],"the":[3,16,26,30,35,42,51,76,91,132,156,186,193,199,212,227,237],"patient":[4,19,126,234],"assignment":[5],"scheduling":[6],"(PAS)":[7],"problem":[8,139],"in":[9,15,21,50,95,109,178,190],"a":[10,55,115,174],"random":[11],"environment":[12],"that":[13,210],"arises":[14],"management":[17],"of":[18,29,37,44,54,75,134,137,159,188,195,201,230],"flow":[20],"hospital":[22,56,177,238],"systems,":[23],"due":[24],"to":[25,59,62,69,79,102,143,204],"stochastic":[27],"nature":[28],"arrivals":[31],"as":[32,34,185],"well":[33],"length":[36],"stay":[38],"(LoS)":[39],"distribution.":[40],"At":[41],"start":[43],"each":[45],"time":[46],"period,":[47],"emergency":[48],"patients":[49,94,189,202],"waiting":[52],"area":[53],"system":[57],"need":[58],"be":[60],"admitted":[61],"relevant":[63],"wards.":[64,130],"Decisions":[65],"may":[66,98],"involve":[67],"allocation":[68],"less":[70],"suitable":[71],"wards,":[72,192],"or":[73],"transfers":[74],"existing":[77],"inpatients":[78],"accommodate":[80],"higher":[81],"priority":[82],"cases":[83],"when":[84],"wards":[85,97,231],"are":[86,140],"at":[87,173],"full":[88],"capacity.":[89],"However,":[90],"LoS":[92],"for":[93,218,232],"non-primary":[96,191],"increase,":[99],"potentially":[100],"leading":[101],"long-term":[103],"congestion.":[104],"To":[105],"assist":[106],"with":[107,124,165],"decision-making":[108],"this":[110,138],"PAS":[111],"problem,":[112],"we":[113,145],"construct":[114],"discrete-time":[116],"Markov":[117],"decision":[118],"process":[119],"over":[120],"an":[121],"infinite":[122],"horizon,":[123],"multiple":[125,129],"types":[127,235],"and":[128,198,222],"Since":[131],"instances":[133],"realistic":[135,220],"size":[136,229],"not":[141],"easy":[142],"solve,":[144],"develop":[146],"numerical":[147,166],"methods":[148],"based":[149],"on":[150],"approximate":[151],"dynamic":[152],"programming.":[153],"demonstrate":[155],"application":[157],"potential":[158],"our":[160],"methodology":[161],"under":[162,207],"practical":[163],"considerations":[164],"examples,":[167],"using":[168],"parameters":[169],"obtained":[170],"from":[171],"data":[172],"tertiary":[175],"referral":[176],"Australia.":[179],"gain":[181],"valuable":[182],"insights,":[183],"such":[184],"number":[187,194,200],"transferred":[196],"patients,":[197],"redirected":[203],"other":[205],"facilities,":[206],"different":[208,233],"policies":[209],"enhance":[211],"system\u2019s":[213],"performance.":[214],"This":[215],"approach":[216],"allows":[217],"more":[219],"assumptions":[221],"can":[223],"also":[224],"help":[225],"determine":[226],"appropriate":[228],"within":[236],"system.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}