{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3049296147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04563-0","title":"Analysing a built-in advantage in asymmetric darts contests using causal machine learning","display_name":"Analysing a built-in advantage in asymmetric darts contests using causal machine learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3049296147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04563-0","mag":"3049296147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10479-022-04563-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04563-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-022-04563-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57667410","display_name":"Annals of Operations Research","issn_l":"0254-5330","issn":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-022-04563-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060250689","display_name":"Daniel G\u00f6ller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3879-0744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202963720","display_name":"University of St.Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Goller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research in Economics of Education, University of Bern, Schanzeneckstrasse 1, 3001, Bern, Switzerland","Swiss Institute for Empirical Economic Research (SEW), University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3879-0744","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Economics of Education, University of Bern, Schanzeneckstrasse 1, 3001, Bern, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Institute for Empirical Economic Research (SEW), University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060250689"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535","https://openalex.org/I202963720"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.5085,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83068346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"325","issue":"1","first_page":"649","last_page":"679"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contest","display_name":"CONTEST","score":0.95107501745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitor-analysis","display_name":"Competitor analysis","score":0.7317341566085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ex-ante","display_name":"Ex-ante","score":0.5601990818977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5265886187553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-mover-advantage","display_name":"First-mover advantage","score":0.5182538032531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-pressure","display_name":"Social pressure","score":0.5171577334403992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.4394306540489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3699643909931183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.34208202362060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2233087420463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.2149692177772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.1913815438747406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.10592964291572571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09868872165679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.07010549306869507}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777582232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013414","display_name":"CONTEST","level":2,"score":0.95107501745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.7317341566085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122251271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940039","display_name":"Ex-ante","level":2,"score":0.5601990818977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5265886187553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196276664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121716","display_name":"First-mover advantage","level":2,"score":0.5182538032531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992130448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q784843","display_name":"Social pressure","level":2,"score":0.5171577334403992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4394306540489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3699643909931183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.34208202362060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2233087420463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2149692177772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.1913815438747406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.10592964291572571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09868872165679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07010549306869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10479-022-04563-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04563-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-022-04563-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57667410","display_name":"Annals of Operations Research","issn_l":"0254-5330","issn":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2008.07165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.07165","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.07165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:annopr:v:325:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1007_s10479-022-04563-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10479-022-04563-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10479-022-04563-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04563-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-022-04563-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57667410","display_name":"Annals of Operations Research","issn_l":"0254-5330","issn":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311363","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t St. Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321870","display_name":"Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3049296147.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3049296147.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170486074","https://openalex.org/W1480403497","https://openalex.org/W1528102079","https://openalex.org/W1554944419","https://openalex.org/W1824988365","https://openalex.org/W1902006973","https://openalex.org/W1969872310","https://openalex.org/W1971981861","https://openalex.org/W1978108654","https://openalex.org/W1987641275","https://openalex.org/W2001380691","https://openalex.org/W2011233852","https://openalex.org/W2013599662","https://openalex.org/W2014224762","https://openalex.org/W2024810644","https://openalex.org/W2039744518","https://openalex.org/W2039811614","https://openalex.org/W2040915211","https://openalex.org/W2047681432","https://openalex.org/W2062843370","https://openalex.org/W2088561515","https://openalex.org/W2090198217","https://openalex.org/W2094281853","https://openalex.org/W2101153413","https://openalex.org/W2108561834","https://openalex.org/W2116739230","https://openalex.org/W2125313549","https://openalex.org/W2132917208","https://openalex.org/W2133344657","https://openalex.org/W2137797631","https://openalex.org/W2138282446","https://openalex.org/W2140435154","https://openalex.org/W2142111448","https://openalex.org/W2148923270","https://openalex.org/W2171033594","https://openalex.org/W2208550830","https://openalex.org/W2238810176","https://openalex.org/W2242034775","https://openalex.org/W2258667625","https://openalex.org/W2305754340","https://openalex.org/W2345898006","https://openalex.org/W2584924584","https://openalex.org/W2614303240","https://openalex.org/W2622003161","https://openalex.org/W2622260139","https://openalex.org/W2753005317","https://openalex.org/W2762904883","https://openalex.org/W2771777639","https://openalex.org/W2774700420","https://openalex.org/W2776236889","https://openalex.org/W2809045233","https://openalex.org/W2899297075","https://openalex.org/W2900248308","https://openalex.org/W2904827328","https://openalex.org/W2905789816","https://openalex.org/W2909701697","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2915762765","https://openalex.org/W2922705140","https://openalex.org/W2950295835","https://openalex.org/W2962727190","https://openalex.org/W2969263904","https://openalex.org/W2972723160","https://openalex.org/W2997611437","https://openalex.org/W3006928639","https://openalex.org/W3010580090","https://openalex.org/W3011484279","https://openalex.org/W3033223912","https://openalex.org/W3048841595","https://openalex.org/W3050159347","https://openalex.org/W3082557888","https://openalex.org/W3104306659","https://openalex.org/W3121702597","https://openalex.org/W3121909230","https://openalex.org/W3122367520","https://openalex.org/W3123313016","https://openalex.org/W3123436326","https://openalex.org/W3123839788","https://openalex.org/W3123905019","https://openalex.org/W3124098532","https://openalex.org/W3124999902","https://openalex.org/W3125358392","https://openalex.org/W3172039697","https://openalex.org/W3174518016","https://openalex.org/W3205595721","https://openalex.org/W4206139221","https://openalex.org/W4231032363","https://openalex.org/W4232006206","https://openalex.org/W4234863607","https://openalex.org/W4239885903","https://openalex.org/W4243163782","https://openalex.org/W4243220370","https://openalex.org/W4244226559","https://openalex.org/W4247399381","https://openalex.org/W4287861693","https://openalex.org/W4289104484","https://openalex.org/W4298197486","https://openalex.org/W6606996130","https://openalex.org/W6632825158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2735088306","https://openalex.org/W4286740636","https://openalex.org/W2946214509","https://openalex.org/W2606108738","https://openalex.org/W2628063975","https://openalex.org/W2356479129","https://openalex.org/W2387346515","https://openalex.org/W2352196451","https://openalex.org/W2590086693","https://openalex.org/W2381260192"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1],"analyse":[2,29],"a":[3,17,111],"sequential":[4],"contest":[5,96,117],"with":[6,67,87,136],"two":[7],"players":[8],"in":[9,100,131],"darts":[10],"where":[11],"one":[12],"of":[13,103,122,129],"the":[14,23,30,35,49,59,63,75,82,101,116,132],"contestants":[15,86,127,140],"enjoys":[16],"technical":[18,64],"advantage.":[19,65,78],"Using":[20],"methods":[21],"from":[22],"causal":[24],"machine":[25],"learning":[26],"literature,":[27],"we":[28],"built-in":[31,77,105,133],"advantage,":[32],"which":[33],"is":[34,97],"first-mover":[36,50],"having":[37],"potentially":[38],"more":[39],"but":[40],"never":[41],"less":[42],"moves.":[43],"Our":[44],"empirical":[45],"findings":[46],"suggest":[47],"that":[48,85],"has":[51],"an":[52],"8.6%":[53],"points":[54],"higher":[55],"probability":[56],"to":[57,81],"win":[58],"match":[60],"induced":[61],"by":[62],"Contestants":[66],"low":[68],"performance":[69],"measures":[70],"and":[71,110,144],"little":[72],"experience":[73],"have":[74,91],"highest":[76],"With":[79],"regard":[80],"fairness":[83],"principle":[84],"equal":[88,92,104],"abilities":[89],"should":[90],"winning":[93,123],"probabilities,":[94],"this":[95],"ex-ante":[98],"fair":[99],"case":[102],"advantages":[106],"for":[107,124,139],"both":[108],"competitors":[109],"randomized":[112],"starting":[113],"right.":[114],"Nevertheless,":[115],"design":[118],"produces":[119],"unequal":[120],"probabilities":[121],"equally":[125],"skilled":[126],"because":[128],"asymmetries":[130],"advantage":[134],"associated":[135],"social":[137],"pressure":[138],"competing":[141],"at":[142],"home":[143],"away.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}