{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2946800949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03269-0","title":"Managerial efficiency and efficiency differentials in adult education: a conditional and bias-corrected efficiency analysis","display_name":"Managerial efficiency and efficiency differentials in adult education: a conditional and bias-corrected efficiency analysis","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2946800949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03269-0","mag":"2946800949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10479-019-03269-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03269-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-019-03269-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57667410","display_name":"Annals of Operations Research","issn_l":"0254-5330","issn":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-019-03269-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065186759","display_name":"Fritz Schiltz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9920-5353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fritz Schiltz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leuven Economics of Education Research, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 3000, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leuven Economics of Education Research, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 3000, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015399054","display_name":"Kristof De Witte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0505-8642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802557195","display_name":"United Nations University \u2013 Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/053zwxr79","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802557195","https://openalex.org/I34352273","https://openalex.org/I4210104502"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE","NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kristof De Witte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leuven Economics of Education Research, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 3000, Leuven, Belgium","UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University, Boschstraat 24, N-6211, AX Maastricht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0505-8642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leuven Economics of Education Research, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 3000, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University, Boschstraat 24, N-6211, AX Maastricht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802557195"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023727937","display_name":"Deni Mazrekaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3311-6056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deni Mazrekaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leuven Economics of Education Research, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 3000, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leuven Economics of Education Research, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 3000, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015399054"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802557195","https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":1.6389,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84306304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"288","issue":"2","first_page":"529","last_page":"546"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.643930196762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneity","display_name":"Homogeneity (statistics)","score":0.6038551926612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panel-data","display_name":"Panel data","score":0.4349323511123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3809015154838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.37428849935531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3336013853549957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.643930196762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142259097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891314","display_name":"Homogeneity (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6038551926612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.4349323511123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3809015154838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.37428849935531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3336013853549957}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10479-019-03269-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03269-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-019-03269-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57667410","display_name":"Annals of Operations Research","issn_l":"0254-5330","issn":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire/14ee8d11-4012-4886-8ac9-463acbffa53e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/14ee8d11-4012-4886-8ac9-463acbffa53e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Schiltz, F, De Witte, K & Mazrekaj, D 2020, 'Managerial efficiency and efficiency differentials in adult education: a conditional and bias-corrected efficiency analysis', Annals of Operations Research, vol. 288, no. 2, pp. 529-546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03269-0","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/639457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/639457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annals Of Operations Research, vol. 288 (2), (529-546)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:annopr:v:288:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s10479-019-03269-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10479-019-03269-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/412942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/412942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:ac097299-7fe8-4050-93f2-7a61dd7a7e05","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ac097299-7fe8-4050-93f2-7a61dd7a7e05","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10479-019-03269-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03269-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10479-019-03269-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57667410","display_name":"Annals of Operations Research","issn_l":"0254-5330","issn":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946800949.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2946800949.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964659862","https://openalex.org/W1973472735","https://openalex.org/W1975562758","https://openalex.org/W1975935631","https://openalex.org/W1991699532","https://openalex.org/W1999784641","https://openalex.org/W2003111867","https://openalex.org/W2003960890","https://openalex.org/W2005591988","https://openalex.org/W2013671481","https://openalex.org/W2014525938","https://openalex.org/W2016461966","https://openalex.org/W2021091247","https://openalex.org/W2021293262","https://openalex.org/W2025850417","https://openalex.org/W2026496668","https://openalex.org/W2039019179","https://openalex.org/W2040985072","https://openalex.org/W2042227991","https://openalex.org/W2076452041","https://openalex.org/W2084660657","https://openalex.org/W2094938311","https://openalex.org/W2095098481","https://openalex.org/W2095199948","https://openalex.org/W2104784095","https://openalex.org/W2118825750","https://openalex.org/W2124370456","https://openalex.org/W2130476589","https://openalex.org/W2131810664","https://openalex.org/W2134205173","https://openalex.org/W2136911682","https://openalex.org/W2139049447","https://openalex.org/W2144732858","https://openalex.org/W2147940867","https://openalex.org/W2162180338","https://openalex.org/W2344945993","https://openalex.org/W2400069463","https://openalex.org/W2412035253","https://openalex.org/W2502565086","https://openalex.org/W2561843306","https://openalex.org/W2618490856","https://openalex.org/W2765876072","https://openalex.org/W2780549671","https://openalex.org/W3121896283","https://openalex.org/W3122495416","https://openalex.org/W3124266669","https://openalex.org/W3124956383","https://openalex.org/W3139701703","https://openalex.org/W4206488967","https://openalex.org/W4214759866","https://openalex.org/W4240664770","https://openalex.org/W6632737719"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2971108363","https://openalex.org/W2137295636","https://openalex.org/W2352087381","https://openalex.org/W2552050053","https://openalex.org/W2028010445","https://openalex.org/W2568292085","https://openalex.org/W3123545187","https://openalex.org/W3141343741","https://openalex.org/W2096171636","https://openalex.org/W2032121917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"efficiency":[1,21,54,85],"studies,":[2],"inputs":[3],"and":[4,52,77],"outputs":[5],"are":[6,81],"often":[7],"noisy":[8],"measures,":[9],"especially":[10],"when":[11],"education":[12,58],"data":[13],"is":[14],"used.":[15],"This":[16],"article":[17],"complements":[18],"the":[19,31,66,91],"conditional":[20,28],"model":[22],"by":[23],"correcting":[24],"for":[25,49,74],"bias":[26],"within":[27],"draws,":[29],"using":[30],"m":[32],"out":[33],"of":[34,56,68],"n":[35],"bootstrap":[36],"procedure.":[37],"With":[38],"a":[39,71],"unique":[40],"panel":[41],"dataset,":[42],"we":[43],"estimate":[44],"managerial":[45,75],"efficiency,":[46,76],"which":[47],"accounts":[48],"nondiscretionary":[50],"variables,":[51],"explain":[53],"differentials":[55],"adult":[57],"programs":[59],"in":[60,70,90,97],"Flanders.":[61],"Our":[62],"results":[63],"suggest":[64],"that":[65,78],"characteristics":[67,80],"learners":[69],"program":[72,99],"matter":[73],"teacher":[79,92],"strongly":[82],"correlated":[83],"with":[84],"differentials,":[86],"as":[87],"more":[88],"homogeneity":[89],"workforce":[93],"appears":[94],"to":[95],"result":[96],"higher":[98],"efficiency.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}