{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2951379307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10472-015-9479-1","title":"Schulze and ranked-pairs voting are fixed-parameter tractable to bribe, manipulate, and control","display_name":"Schulze and ranked-pairs voting are fixed-parameter tractable to bribe, manipulate, and control","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2951379307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10472-015-9479-1","mag":"2951379307"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10472-015-9479-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10472-015-9479-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90199469","display_name":"Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"1012-2443","issn":["1012-2443","1573-7470"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1210.6963","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088546793","display_name":"Lane A. Hemaspaandra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0659-5204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lane A. Hemaspaandra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA 14627#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA 14627#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050680776","display_name":"Rahman Lavaee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahman Lavaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA 14627#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA 14627#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035234352","display_name":"Curtis Menton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Curtis Menton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA","Google, Inc., Mountain View, USA 94043#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Mountain View, USA 94043#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088546793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0279,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92385185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":"3-4","first_page":"1345","last_page":"1346"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schulze-method","display_name":"Schulze method","score":0.9651398658752441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.6453288197517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5374489426612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree","display_name":"Degree (music)","score":0.4582372009754181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4516649544239044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.41863563656806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4067775011062622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.34257519245147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.24905285239219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.19593986868858337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1721712052822113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10018008947372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.07791745662689209}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178350558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113","display_name":"Schulze method","level":2,"score":0.9651398658752441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.6453288197517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5374489426612854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.4582372009754181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4516649544239044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.41863563656806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4067775011062622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.34257519245147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24905285239219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.19593986868858337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1721712052822113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10018008947372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.07791745662689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10472-015-9479-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10472-015-9479-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90199469","display_name":"Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"1012-2443","issn":["1012-2443","1573-7470"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.65109/yxcs1711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65109/yxcs1711","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1210.6963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.6963","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1210.6963","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2951379307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1210.6963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:urresearch.rochester.edu:25186","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1802/25619","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400518","display_name":"UR Research (University of Rochester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","host_organization_name":"University of Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Technical Report"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1210.6963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1210.6963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1210.6963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.6963","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1210.6963","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1628682902","display_name":"ICES: Small: Collaborative Research: New Approaches to Computationally Protecting Elections from Manipulation","funder_award_id":"1101479","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7215338352","display_name":"RI:HCC:Small:Preference Aggregation: Bypassing Worst-Case Protections","funder_award_id":"0915792","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8105208638","display_name":"SHF: Small: Footprint Models and Techniques for Multi-core Cache Management","funder_award_id":"1116104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W332368382","https://openalex.org/W390562773","https://openalex.org/W583379360","https://openalex.org/W774545717","https://openalex.org/W1517036688","https://openalex.org/W1570425181","https://openalex.org/W1665748421","https://openalex.org/W1881869259","https://openalex.org/W1972375916","https://openalex.org/W1991113796","https://openalex.org/W2003296459","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2023411822","https://openalex.org/W2026607260","https://openalex.org/W2037412278","https://openalex.org/W2049720957","https://openalex.org/W2064252342","https://openalex.org/W2065358633","https://openalex.org/W2077594988","https://openalex.org/W2083748805","https://openalex.org/W2100229481","https://openalex.org/W2112047182","https://openalex.org/W2114616381","https://openalex.org/W2123942784","https://openalex.org/W2124562173","https://openalex.org/W2161392628","https://openalex.org/W2185001042","https://openalex.org/W2295302886","https://openalex.org/W2328184904","https://openalex.org/W2396854589","https://openalex.org/W2399663448","https://openalex.org/W2404213338","https://openalex.org/W2539402368","https://openalex.org/W2570387407","https://openalex.org/W2595233870","https://openalex.org/W2911236880","https://openalex.org/W2913688336","https://openalex.org/W2949359053","https://openalex.org/W2951082587","https://openalex.org/W3126731212","https://openalex.org/W4292230561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2342004805","https://openalex.org/W1791762820","https://openalex.org/W2404348311","https://openalex.org/W332368382","https://openalex.org/W1672839078","https://openalex.org/W2100229481","https://openalex.org/W14982402","https://openalex.org/W2133138908","https://openalex.org/W2951543204","https://openalex.org/W2788406131","https://openalex.org/W3101918335","https://openalex.org/W2299059564","https://openalex.org/W2963735419","https://openalex.org/W2953028820","https://openalex.org/W3154829614","https://openalex.org/W2964079196","https://openalex.org/W2917455091","https://openalex.org/W2475096477","https://openalex.org/W3175649717","https://openalex.org/W2962824565"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Schulze":[0,60],"and":[1,31,61,70],"ranked-pairs":[2,62],"elections":[3,63],"have":[4,24],"received":[5],"attention":[6],"recently,":[7],"with":[8,33,52],"the":[9,55,84],"former":[10],"having":[11],"quickly":[12],"become":[13],"a":[14],"widely":[15],"used":[16],"election":[17],"system.":[18],"For":[19],"many":[20],"cases":[21],"these":[22],"systems":[23],"been":[25],"proven":[26],"resistant":[27],"to":[28,54,67],"bribery,":[29],"control,":[30,69],"manipulation,":[32],"ranked":[34],"pairs":[35],"being":[36,40],"particularly":[37],"praised":[38],"for":[39,42],"NP-hard":[41],"all":[43],"three":[44],"of":[45,57,86],"those.":[46],"Nonetheless,":[47],"this":[48],"work":[49],"shows":[50],"that":[51],"respect":[53],"number":[56,85],"candidates,":[58],"both":[59],"are":[64],"fixed-parameter":[65],"tractable":[66],"bribe,":[68],"manipulate:":[71],"we":[72],"can":[73],"obtain":[74],"uniform,":[75],"polynomial-time":[76],"algorithms":[77],"whose":[78],"degree":[79],"does":[80],"not":[81],"depend":[82],"on":[83],"candidates.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T07:12:00.856984","created_date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00"}
