{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130818956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11513-w","title":"Artificial intelligence in Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs: a survey","display_name":"Artificial intelligence in Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs: a survey","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130818956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11513-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-026-11513-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11513-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11513-w","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018754415","display_name":"Jinrun Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinrun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering\uff0c College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering\uff0c College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126527899","display_name":"Qiang He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126543812","display_name":"Dong Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140515","display_name":"First Hospital of China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wjghj95","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140515","https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102764471","display_name":"Yuliang Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118803816","display_name":"Liaoning University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xpwj629","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuliang Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100462858","display_name":"Jiawei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4696-4502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140515","display_name":"First Hospital of China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wjghj95","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140515","https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101977344","display_name":"Xi L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5056-8249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140515","display_name":"First Hospital of China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wjghj95","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data for Neurological Diseases; Shenyang Clinical Research Center for Difficult and Critical Cases of the Nervous System, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.,  110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data for Neurological Diseases; Shenyang Clinical Research Center for Difficult and Critical Cases of the Nervous System, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.,  110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91656880","https://openalex.org/I4210140515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126559140","display_name":"Hua Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140515","display_name":"First Hospital of China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wjghj95","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91656880","https://openalex.org/I4210140515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102764471"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"fwci":17.0046,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97434387,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.7935000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.7935000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.019200000911951065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.014800000004470348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.6741999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.5608999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traditional-chinese-medicine","display_name":"Traditional Chinese medicine","score":0.5223000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.511900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.3653999865055084}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.6741999983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5608999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5386999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188947578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200253","display_name":"Traditional Chinese medicine","level":3,"score":0.5223000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.511900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-026-11513-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11513-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-026-11513-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11513-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5207359194755554}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":141,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545958258","https://openalex.org/W1594005194","https://openalex.org/W1834134764","https://openalex.org/W1919324399","https://openalex.org/W1968458245","https://openalex.org/W1975582371","https://openalex.org/W1990623303","https://openalex.org/W1993352447","https://openalex.org/W1996061389","https://openalex.org/W2010411374","https://openalex.org/W2017810519","https://openalex.org/W2033591223","https://openalex.org/W2036495982","https://openalex.org/W2041728536","https://openalex.org/W2042737779","https://openalex.org/W2045145819","https://openalex.org/W2052753913","https://openalex.org/W2053356055","https://openalex.org/W2071479387","https://openalex.org/W2091049642","https://openalex.org/W2099768941","https://openalex.org/W2130390694","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2150124540","https://openalex.org/W2150947305","https://openalex.org/W2160411185","https://openalex.org/W2162883187","https://openalex.org/W2183182206","https://openalex.org/W2197331961","https://openalex.org/W2404266754","https://openalex.org/W2561981131","https://openalex.org/W2576404523","https://openalex.org/W2619968329","https://openalex.org/W2733603082","https://openalex.org/W2782247675","https://openalex.org/W2786758329","https://openalex.org/W2793914951","https://openalex.org/W2896317910","https://openalex.org/W2903916649","https://openalex.org/W2941499672","https://openalex.org/W2951634495","https://openalex.org/W2958089299","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2966688315","https://openalex.org/W2974786970","https://openalex.org/W2975017460","https://openalex.org/W2981089174","https://openalex.org/W2987812036","https://openalex.org/W2990515942","https://openalex.org/W2990528340","https://openalex.org/W2991081663","https://openalex.org/W2996541402","https://openalex.org/W3002838360","https://openalex.org/W3012508737","https://openalex.org/W3012702001","https://openalex.org/W3017092352","https://openalex.org/W3023353560","https://openalex.org/W3026685314","https://openalex.org/W3036147431","https://openalex.org/W3042037334","https://openalex.org/W3043533181","https://openalex.org/W3045458396","https://openalex.org/W3046900327","https://openalex.org/W3047739104","https://openalex.org/W3049317307","https://openalex.org/W3081934439","https://openalex.org/W3082969464","https://openalex.org/W3087893815","https://openalex.org/W3088115204","https://openalex.org/W3089735899","https://openalex.org/W3109650690","https://openalex.org/W3110894137","https://openalex.org/W3113163712","https://openalex.org/W3116880619","https://openalex.org/W3126773939","https://openalex.org/W3132591351","https://openalex.org/W3138479716","https://openalex.org/W3139281761","https://openalex.org/W3143036104","https://openalex.org/W3147809485","https://openalex.org/W3175751069","https://openalex.org/W3181125731","https://openalex.org/W3185194826","https://openalex.org/W3217093422","https://openalex.org/W4205164650","https://openalex.org/W4205410534","https://openalex.org/W4214558533","https://openalex.org/W4237192252","https://openalex.org/W4242037245","https://openalex.org/W4286501131","https://openalex.org/W4296741060","https://openalex.org/W4297183943","https://openalex.org/W4297383681","https://openalex.org/W4307362786","https://openalex.org/W4308311671","https://openalex.org/W4309606994","https://openalex.org/W4310044544","https://openalex.org/W4327892919","https://openalex.org/W4365440898","https://openalex.org/W4366451790","https://openalex.org/W4377691863","https://openalex.org/W4378468480","https://openalex.org/W4383483490","https://openalex.org/W4383533550","https://openalex.org/W4384071683","https://openalex.org/W4384281780","https://openalex.org/W4385564466","https://openalex.org/W4386525386","https://openalex.org/W4386553344","https://openalex.org/W4386973901","https://openalex.org/W4387586973","https://openalex.org/W4388033637","https://openalex.org/W4388656092","https://openalex.org/W4390711247","https://openalex.org/W4390992364","https://openalex.org/W4391450830","https://openalex.org/W4392101515","https://openalex.org/W4392393090","https://openalex.org/W4392749416","https://openalex.org/W4392930515","https://openalex.org/W4393091041","https://openalex.org/W4393315861","https://openalex.org/W4395678325","https://openalex.org/W4396666454","https://openalex.org/W4396743599","https://openalex.org/W4396745884","https://openalex.org/W4399511075","https://openalex.org/W4399572922","https://openalex.org/W4399721599","https://openalex.org/W4402751046","https://openalex.org/W4406259723","https://openalex.org/W4408250731","https://openalex.org/W4408314709","https://openalex.org/W4409663470","https://openalex.org/W4410540929","https://openalex.org/W4410842526","https://openalex.org/W4410882873","https://openalex.org/W4411086810","https://openalex.org/W4411113094","https://openalex.org/W4413408156","https://openalex.org/W4416387239"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"Chinese":[1],"Medicine":[2],"(TCM)":[3],"herbs":[4,120],"are":[5],"central":[6],"to":[7,30,41],"both":[8,52],"prevention":[9],"and":[10,46,61,80,107,132],"treatment,":[11],"yet":[12],"their":[13],"complex":[14],"mechanisms":[15],"remain":[16],"only":[17,122],"partly":[18],"understood.":[19],"This":[20],"review":[21,84],"examines":[22],"how":[23,71],"artificial":[24],"intelligence":[25],"(AI)":[26],"has":[27],"been":[28],"applied":[29],"advance":[31],"TCM":[32,59,119],"herbal":[33],"research,":[34],"tracing":[35],"its":[36],"evolution":[37],"from":[38],"expert":[39],"systems":[40],"machine":[42],"learning,":[43,45],"deep":[44],"large":[47],"language":[48],"models.":[49],"By":[50],"analyzing":[51],"the":[53,62,86,114],"traditional":[54,124],"approach,":[55,64],"rooted":[56],"in":[57,91,130],"classical":[58],"principles,":[60],"modern":[63],"informed":[65],"by":[66],"biomedical":[67],"science,":[68],"we":[69],"identify":[70],"AI":[72,90,117],"enables":[73],"knowledge":[74,125],"extraction,":[75],"prescription":[76],"recommendation,":[77],"compound":[78],"discovery,":[79],"mechanism":[81],"exploration.":[82],"The":[83],"highlights":[85],"unique":[87],"contribution":[88],"of":[89,116],"bridging":[92],"empirical":[93],"heritage":[94],"with":[95,118],"scientific":[96],"rigor,":[97],"while":[98],"also":[99,127],"outlining":[100],"key":[101],"challenges":[102],"such":[103],"as":[104],"data":[105],"standardization":[106],"ethical":[108],"considerations.":[109],"Our":[110],"findings":[111],"demonstrate":[112],"that":[113],"integration":[115],"not":[121],"preserves":[123],"but":[126],"accelerates":[128],"innovation":[129],"personalized":[131],"integrative":[133],"medicine.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T06:41:57.775601","created_date":"2026-02-21T00:00:00"}
