{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125897456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11508-7","title":"Federated learning on magnetic resonance imaging: a critical review","display_name":"Federated learning on magnetic resonance imaging: a critical review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125897456","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11508-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-026-11508-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11508-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11508-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076480353","display_name":"Emmanouil Markodimitrakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4395-6588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28710699","display_name":"Hellenic Mediterranean University","ror":"https://ror.org/039ce0m20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28710699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emmanouil Markodimitrakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28710699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124091767","display_name":"Eleftherios Trivizakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleftherios Trivizakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018734934","display_name":"Georgios Ioannidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8139-5790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios S. Ioannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056821356","display_name":"Emmanouil Koutoulakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2342-7934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28710699","display_name":"Hellenic Mediterranean University","ror":"https://ror.org/039ce0m20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28710699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanouil Koutoulakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28710699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087123353","display_name":"Manolis Tsiknakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-1450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28710699","display_name":"Hellenic Mediterranean University","ror":"https://ror.org/039ce0m20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28710699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manolis Tsiknakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28710699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124063681","display_name":"Nikolaos Papanikolaou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113358080","display_name":"Champalimaud Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03g001n57","country_code":"PT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113358080"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}],"countries":["GR","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Papanikolaou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","Computational Clinical Imaging Group, Centre of the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Clinical Imaging Group, Centre of the Unknown, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113358080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078341846","display_name":"Michail E. Klontzas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2731-933X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142617266","display_name":"University of Crete","ror":"https://ror.org/00dr28g20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138654","display_name":"University Hospital of Heraklion","ror":"https://ror.org/0312m2266","country_code":"GR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138654"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michail E. Klontzas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Translational Imaging (ATI) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece","Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Translational Imaging (ATI) Lab, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142617266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mohammad Yaqub","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Yaqub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed Bin Zayed, University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed, University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120880028","display_name":"Kostas Marias","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28710699","display_name":"Hellenic Mediterranean University","ror":"https://ror.org/039ce0m20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28710699"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8901234","display_name":"Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/052rphn09","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kostas Marias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8901234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28710699"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076480353"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28710699","https://openalex.org/I8901234"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"fwci":50.6513,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9920579,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.40619999170303345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.40619999170303345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.12219999730587006,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.0982000008225441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6796000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4977000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.4855000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonization","display_name":"Harmonization","score":0.46869999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.37369999289512634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8162000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6796000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4977000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4855000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779962950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659376","display_name":"Harmonization","level":2,"score":0.46869999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.37369999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776743756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5097921","display_name":"Safeguarding","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-026-11508-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11508-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-026-11508-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-026-11508-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5947975516319275,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":118,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1641498739","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2106033751","https://openalex.org/W2107638293","https://openalex.org/W2155513557","https://openalex.org/W2167868121","https://openalex.org/W2402235285","https://openalex.org/W2767079719","https://openalex.org/W2807006176","https://openalex.org/W2896479683","https://openalex.org/W2964162474","https://openalex.org/W2968112503","https://openalex.org/W2970606380","https://openalex.org/W2995022099","https://openalex.org/W3012501605","https://openalex.org/W3021817101","https://openalex.org/W3040685212","https://openalex.org/W3045674654","https://openalex.org/W3180884825","https://openalex.org/W3182158470","https://openalex.org/W3200636593","https://openalex.org/W3204149255","https://openalex.org/W3217644914","https://openalex.org/W4200012594","https://openalex.org/W4205228770","https://openalex.org/W4206726406","https://openalex.org/W4212858816","https://openalex.org/W4214841549","https://openalex.org/W4225990611","https://openalex.org/W4226092233","https://openalex.org/W4280617223","https://openalex.org/W4281259377","https://openalex.org/W4290999018","https://openalex.org/W4296794855","https://openalex.org/W4298012260","https://openalex.org/W4298013219","https://openalex.org/W4298326836","https://openalex.org/W4298352247","https://openalex.org/W4308636236","https://openalex.org/W4308637617","https://openalex.org/W4310456609","https://openalex.org/W4311123038","https://openalex.org/W4312795220","https://openalex.org/W4315473049","https://openalex.org/W4323980216","https://openalex.org/W4327716319","https://openalex.org/W4352977741","https://openalex.org/W4362579658","https://openalex.org/W4367050586","https://openalex.org/W4375929067","https://openalex.org/W4378085663","https://openalex.org/W4380077983","https://openalex.org/W4383497714","https://openalex.org/W4384700044","https://openalex.org/W4385216024","https://openalex.org/W4385453535","https://openalex.org/W4385879930","https://openalex.org/W4386608426","https://openalex.org/W4386759896","https://openalex.org/W4387780089","https://openalex.org/W4388447979","https://openalex.org/W4388561609","https://openalex.org/W4388600491","https://openalex.org/W4388980030","https://openalex.org/W4389430841","https://openalex.org/W4391128521","https://openalex.org/W4391175479","https://openalex.org/W4391365474","https://openalex.org/W4391407077","https://openalex.org/W4391489845","https://openalex.org/W4392094314","https://openalex.org/W4392154567","https://openalex.org/W4392745589","https://openalex.org/W4392844919","https://openalex.org/W4394894085","https://openalex.org/W4398784948","https://openalex.org/W4399469274","https://openalex.org/W4400617097","https://openalex.org/W4400877850","https://openalex.org/W4400939192","https://openalex.org/W4401052425","https://openalex.org/W4401215961","https://openalex.org/W4401937295","https://openalex.org/W4402981262","https://openalex.org/W4403154469","https://openalex.org/W4403267390","https://openalex.org/W4403390485","https://openalex.org/W4403547622","https://openalex.org/W4403616295","https://openalex.org/W4403636068","https://openalex.org/W4404732226","https://openalex.org/W4405075717","https://openalex.org/W4405485456","https://openalex.org/W4405663832","https://openalex.org/W4405968357","https://openalex.org/W4406094260","https://openalex.org/W4406195073","https://openalex.org/W4406789053","https://openalex.org/W4407110767","https://openalex.org/W4407615389","https://openalex.org/W4408280844","https://openalex.org/W4409219259","https://openalex.org/W4409358310","https://openalex.org/W4409656074","https://openalex.org/W4410027468","https://openalex.org/W4410294629","https://openalex.org/W4410342868","https://openalex.org/W4410479656","https://openalex.org/W4410560132","https://openalex.org/W4411003128","https://openalex.org/W4411872790","https://openalex.org/W4412078570","https://openalex.org/W4412550973","https://openalex.org/W4412833301","https://openalex.org/W4412935337","https://openalex.org/W4414609521","https://openalex.org/W4417147907","https://openalex.org/W6959749858"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Federated":[1],"learning":[2,124],"is":[3,148],"a":[4,71,113],"promising":[5],"method":[6],"for":[7,61,192],"developing":[8,121],"collaborative":[9],"and":[10,26,46,64,98,103,137,158,198],"privacy-preserving":[11],"medical":[12],"AI":[13],"models":[14,29,90,205],"in":[15,166,184,217],"dispersed":[16],"geographical":[17],"areas.":[18],"While":[19],"FL":[20,75,142,193,232],"enables":[21],"the":[22,89,117,176,179,218,227],"development":[23,228],"of":[24,74,120,182,229],"robust":[25],"generalizable":[27],"imaging":[28],"by":[30,220],"leveraging":[31],"diverse":[32,197],"data":[33,129,153,200],"sources":[34,201],"distributed":[35],"across":[36],"different":[37],"institutions,":[38],"it":[39,188],"has":[40,81],"not":[41,163],"yet":[42],"been":[43,82],"fully":[44],"standardized,":[45],"numerous":[47],"open":[48],"issues":[49],"remain":[50],"to":[51,202,225],"be":[52],"resolved.":[53],"These":[54],"include":[55],"interoperability,":[56],"security":[57,97],"vulnerabilities,":[58],"optimal":[59],"strategies":[60],"model":[62],"aggregation,":[63],"privacy":[65,99],"safeguarding.":[66],"In":[67,84],"this":[68,144],"critical":[69,114],"review,":[70],"thorough":[72],"survey":[73],"methods":[76],"on":[77,116,127],"MRI":[78,128,149,183],"image":[79,135],"analysis":[80],"performed.":[83],"particular,":[85],"parameters":[86],"such":[87,130,168],"as":[88,131,169],"used,":[91],"datasets,":[92],"harmonization":[93],"techniques,":[94],"aggregation":[95],"methods,":[96],"measures,":[100],"\u201creal-world\u201d":[101],"implementations,":[102],"performance":[104],"measurements":[105],"were":[106],"investigated.":[107],"This":[108],"review":[109,212],"sheds":[110],"light,":[111],"from":[112],"perspective,":[115],"required":[118],"infrastructure":[119],"deep":[122],"federated":[123],"applications":[125],"based":[126],"lesion":[132],"detection,":[133],"classification,":[134],"reconstruction,":[136],"tumor":[138],"segmentation.":[139],"Unlike":[140],"previous":[141],"reviews,":[143],"work\u2019s":[145],"main":[146],"focus":[147],"since":[150],"its":[151],"tomographic":[152],"structure,":[154],"acquisition":[155],"protocol":[156],"variability,":[157],"inter-scanner":[159],"heterogeneity":[160],"introduce":[161],"challenges":[162],"typically":[164],"present":[165,211],"modalities":[167],"ultrasound,":[170],"X-ray,":[171],"or":[172],"computed":[173],"tomography.":[174],"At":[175],"same":[177],"time,":[178],"wide":[180],"use":[181],"clinical":[185],"routine":[186],"makes":[187],"an":[189,214],"excellent":[190],"fit":[191],"architectures":[194],"that":[195],"leverage":[196],"heterogeneous":[199],"develop":[203],"generalized":[204],"while":[206],"safeguarding":[207],"patient":[208],"confidentiality.":[209],"The":[210],"addresses":[213],"important":[215],"gap":[216],"literature":[219],"offering":[221],"domain-specific":[222],"insights":[223],"needed":[224],"advance":[226],"reliable":[230],"MRI-based":[231],"systems.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}
