{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118271705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11434-0","title":"Synergizing blockchain and AI to fortify IoT security: a comprehensive review","display_name":"Synergizing blockchain and AI to fortify IoT security: a comprehensive review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118271705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11434-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11434-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11434-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11434-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11434-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122150280","display_name":"Deepak Kaushik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I905734797","display_name":"Maharshi Dayanand University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kaab451","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I905734797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Kaushik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I905734797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050940035","display_name":"Preeti Gulia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-4016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I905734797","display_name":"Maharshi Dayanand University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kaab451","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I905734797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Preeti Gulia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I905734797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019909434","display_name":"Nasib Singh Gill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8594-4320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I905734797","display_name":"Maharshi Dayanand University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kaab451","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I905734797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasib Singh Gill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I905734797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122229220","display_name":"Mohammad Yahya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177721651","display_name":"Oakland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ythxj32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Yahya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Oakland University, Rochester, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Oakland University, Rochester, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057868351","display_name":"Piyush Kumar Shukla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3715-3882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196622127","display_name":"Rajiv Gandhi Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xmje391","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196622127"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piyush Kumar Shukla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University Institute of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (State Technological University of Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462033, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University Institute of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya (State Technological University of Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462033, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196622127"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122262491","display_name":"J. Shreyas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Shreyas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122262491"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"fwci":167.6693,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99906273,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.3061999976634979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.3061999976634979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13038","display_name":"Internet of Things and AI","score":0.11829999834299088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.07129999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.6699000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5615000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5483999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5299000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.36329999566078186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.6699000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5782999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5615000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5483999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5299000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.36329999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154908896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167404","display_name":"Security policy","level":2,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125014702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680749","display_name":"Adaptive learning","level":2,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776576444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303569","display_name":"Attack surface","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778505942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18344624","display_name":"Microservices","level":3,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5250404","display_name":"Deep integration","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121822524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157582","display_name":"Computer security model","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11434-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11434-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11434-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11434-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11434-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11434-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6215695142745972,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7118271705.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2907164519","https://openalex.org/W2972432684","https://openalex.org/W3039940949","https://openalex.org/W3044960932","https://openalex.org/W3085707038","https://openalex.org/W3093414468","https://openalex.org/W3136603773","https://openalex.org/W3185770825","https://openalex.org/W3198624037","https://openalex.org/W3214959368","https://openalex.org/W3216065183","https://openalex.org/W4206484148","https://openalex.org/W4206780588","https://openalex.org/W4206945668","https://openalex.org/W4213165079","https://openalex.org/W4213445714","https://openalex.org/W4220859242","https://openalex.org/W4220883012","https://openalex.org/W4220993330","https://openalex.org/W4228998724","https://openalex.org/W4280499864","https://openalex.org/W4281861243","https://openalex.org/W4288064791","https://openalex.org/W4292148537","https://openalex.org/W4294068459","https://openalex.org/W4306827119","https://openalex.org/W4308907870","https://openalex.org/W4310388404","https://openalex.org/W4311510310","https://openalex.org/W4313404466","https://openalex.org/W4319157919","https://openalex.org/W4320717177","https://openalex.org/W4322627835","https://openalex.org/W4324359030","https://openalex.org/W4366415087","https://openalex.org/W4372342980","https://openalex.org/W4375929923","https://openalex.org/W4375930018","https://openalex.org/W4376136916","https://openalex.org/W4376137834","https://openalex.org/W4381826989","https://openalex.org/W4385202251","https://openalex.org/W4385423342","https://openalex.org/W4385488060","https://openalex.org/W4386028636","https://openalex.org/W4386275828","https://openalex.org/W4387603039","https://openalex.org/W4388079555","https://openalex.org/W4388302078","https://openalex.org/W4388642478","https://openalex.org/W4388970737","https://openalex.org/W4390480754","https://openalex.org/W4391407061","https://openalex.org/W4391561186","https://openalex.org/W4391671371","https://openalex.org/W4391791457","https://openalex.org/W4392247414","https://openalex.org/W4392388527","https://openalex.org/W4392599580","https://openalex.org/W4393253184","https://openalex.org/W4393323743","https://openalex.org/W4394674278","https://openalex.org/W4396238295","https://openalex.org/W4396769045","https://openalex.org/W4398186371","https://openalex.org/W4399113949","https://openalex.org/W4399530392","https://openalex.org/W4400252349","https://openalex.org/W4400304371","https://openalex.org/W4400456162","https://openalex.org/W4401370414","https://openalex.org/W4401387452","https://openalex.org/W4401434693","https://openalex.org/W4401534965","https://openalex.org/W4401667275","https://openalex.org/W4401752117","https://openalex.org/W4401906271","https://openalex.org/W4402205672","https://openalex.org/W4402271526","https://openalex.org/W4402280105","https://openalex.org/W4402313204","https://openalex.org/W4402508603","https://openalex.org/W4402709859","https://openalex.org/W4402978119","https://openalex.org/W4404927759","https://openalex.org/W4405415571","https://openalex.org/W4406321966","https://openalex.org/W4407003114","https://openalex.org/W4407592994","https://openalex.org/W4407972356","https://openalex.org/W4409562197","https://openalex.org/W4409870710","https://openalex.org/W4410260847","https://openalex.org/W4410737838","https://openalex.org/W4411102700","https://openalex.org/W4411875271","https://openalex.org/W4412008824","https://openalex.org/W4412726368","https://openalex.org/W4412985019","https://openalex.org/W4415770234"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,190],"relentless":[2],"growth":[3],"of":[4,24,43,46,51,187,201],"connected":[5],"devices":[6],"is":[7,131],"transforming":[8],"industrial,":[9],"urban":[10],"and":[11,29,41,53,65,87,105,119,149,162,170,179,185,199,220,226,233,239],"domestic":[12],"environments,":[13],"yet":[14],"it":[15],"also":[16,155],"expands":[17],"the":[18,39,44,183,197],"attack":[19],"surface":[20],"for":[21],"distributed":[22],"denial":[23],"service":[25],"(DDoS),":[26],"unauthorized":[27],"access":[28],"data":[30,85,207],"manipulation.":[31],"Centralized":[32],"security":[33,137],"architectures":[34],"struggle":[35],"to":[36,72,133,236],"cope":[37],"with":[38],"scale":[40],"heterogeneity":[42],"Internet":[45],"Things,":[47],"creating":[48],"single":[49],"points":[50],"failure":[52],"privacy":[54,147],"risks.":[55],"This":[56],"review":[57,156],"takes":[58],"a":[59,222],"close":[60],"look":[61],"at":[62],"how":[63],"blockchain":[64,204],"artificial":[66],"intelligence":[67,139],"(AI)":[68],"can":[69],"work":[70],"together":[71],"solve":[73],"these":[74,110],"problems.":[75],"Blockchain":[76],"plays":[77],"an":[78],"important":[79],"role":[80],"in":[81,214],"decentralizing":[82],"trust,":[83],"maintaining":[84],"integrity,":[86],"enabling":[88],"transparent":[89],"audit":[90],"trails.":[91],"AI":[92,195],"subfields":[93],"such":[94],"as":[95],"machine":[96],"learning":[97,100,103,161,165],"(ML),":[98],"deep":[99,164],"(DL),":[101],"reinforcement":[102],"(RL),":[104],"multi-agent":[106],"systems":[107],"(MAS)":[108],"enhance":[109],"benefits.":[111],"They":[112],"enable":[113],"real-time":[114],"anomaly":[115],"detection,":[116,203],"predictive":[117],"analytics,":[118],"adaptive":[120],"policy":[121],"control.":[122],"A":[123],"seven":[124],"axis":[125],"Blockchain\u2013AI":[126],"Security":[127],"Integration":[128],"Schema":[129],"(BASIS)":[130],"proposed":[132],"classify":[134],"solutions":[135],"by":[136],"objectives,":[138],"modalities,":[140],"trust":[141],"primitives,":[142],"deployment":[143],"choices,":[144],"scalability":[145],"techniques,":[146],"controls":[148],"interoperability":[150,240],"mechanisms.":[151],"In":[152],"this":[153],"study":[154],"Layer-2":[157],"consensus":[158],"protocols,":[159],"federated":[160],"lightweight":[163],"models":[166],"that":[167,193],"address":[168],"energy":[169],"computational":[171,218],"constraints.":[172],"Case":[173],"studies":[174],"from":[175],"supply":[176],"chains,":[177],"healthcare":[178],"smart":[180],"grids":[181],"illustrate":[182],"benefits":[184],"limitations":[186],"current":[188],"deployments.":[189],"evidence":[191],"suggests":[192],"while":[194],"improves":[196],"accuracy":[198],"responsiveness":[200],"threat":[202],"offers":[205],"tamper-proof":[206],"provenance.":[208],"However,":[209],"there":[210],"are":[211,241],"still":[212],"issues":[213],"achieving":[215],"scalability,":[216],"reducing":[217],"overhead,":[219],"striking":[221],"balance":[223],"between":[224],"auditability":[225],"privacy.":[227],"Hybrid":[228],"on-chain/off-chain":[229],"architectures,":[230],"quantum-safe":[231],"cryptography,":[232],"standardized":[234],"frameworks":[235],"guarantee":[237],"adoption":[238],"some":[242],"future":[243],"research":[244],"avenues.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}
