{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412354832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11297-5","title":"Exploring the frontiers of LLMs in psychological applications: a comprehensive review","display_name":"Exploring the frontiers of LLMs in psychological applications: a comprehensive review","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412354832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11297-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11297-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11297-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11297-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11297-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091204897","display_name":"Luoma Ke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5779-7482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luoma Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Song Tong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Song Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101230162","display_name":"Peng Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129493","display_name":"China Research Institute for Science Popularization","ror":"https://ror.org/03cg9wt32","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129493"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Research Institute for Science Popularization, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Research Institute for Science Popularization, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129493"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103132724","display_name":"Kaiping Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-3409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaiping Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103132724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":9.479,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98245702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"10","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.957099974155426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.957099974155426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9514999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9279999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5303559899330139}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5303559899330139}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11297-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11297-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11297-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11297-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11297-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11297-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320285","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412354832.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412354832.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":142,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W2036735145","https://openalex.org/W2101714982","https://openalex.org/W2113352630","https://openalex.org/W2122955905","https://openalex.org/W2137014522","https://openalex.org/W2175873029","https://openalex.org/W2177554891","https://openalex.org/W2594908799","https://openalex.org/W2969341057","https://openalex.org/W2977128309","https://openalex.org/W3095319910","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3128912454","https://openalex.org/W3133702157","https://openalex.org/W3185341429","https://openalex.org/W4221083716","https://openalex.org/W4283026156","https://openalex.org/W4283321795","https://openalex.org/W4285247752","https://openalex.org/W4289598673","https://openalex.org/W4292779060","https://openalex.org/W4296154596","https://openalex.org/W4298181341","https://openalex.org/W4307325444","https://openalex.org/W4307475457","https://openalex.org/W4307653761","https://openalex.org/W4310917376","https://openalex.org/W4312091691","https://openalex.org/W4312091865","https://openalex.org/W4313262066","https://openalex.org/W4317463334","https://openalex.org/W4317757464","https://openalex.org/W4318919287","https://openalex.org/W4319083882","https://openalex.org/W4319166659","https://openalex.org/W4320005767","https://openalex.org/W4323568782","https://openalex.org/W4323655724","https://openalex.org/W4327518740","https://openalex.org/W4327810158","https://openalex.org/W4327946446","https://openalex.org/W4353113083","https://openalex.org/W4360836968","https://openalex.org/W4360888837","https://openalex.org/W4360939370","https://openalex.org/W4360943653","https://openalex.org/W4361020574","https://openalex.org/W4361230825","https://openalex.org/W4361267822","https://openalex.org/W4362655418","https://openalex.org/W4366990161","https://openalex.org/W4366991679","https://openalex.org/W4367368990","https://openalex.org/W4367844176","https://openalex.org/W4368755092","https://openalex.org/W4375870056","https://openalex.org/W4376117416","https://openalex.org/W4376504356","https://openalex.org/W4377098551","https://openalex.org/W4377942506","https://openalex.org/W4378718176","https://openalex.org/W4379929613","https://openalex.org/W4379933116","https://openalex.org/W4379958473","https://openalex.org/W4380763235","https://openalex.org/W4380886221","https://openalex.org/W4381149642","https://openalex.org/W4381163899","https://openalex.org/W4381556776","https://openalex.org/W4382240547","https://openalex.org/W4382583857","https://openalex.org/W4383058631","https://openalex.org/W4383501206","https://openalex.org/W4384154918","https://openalex.org/W4384155269","https://openalex.org/W4384470461","https://openalex.org/W4384561707","https://openalex.org/W4385066501","https://openalex.org/W4385156310","https://openalex.org/W4385430086","https://openalex.org/W4385452929","https://openalex.org/W4385459268","https://openalex.org/W4385490607","https://openalex.org/W4385507660","https://openalex.org/W4385682029","https://openalex.org/W4385708679","https://openalex.org/W4385988359","https://openalex.org/W4386242180","https://openalex.org/W4386272709","https://openalex.org/W4386790659","https://openalex.org/W4386790712","https://openalex.org/W4386827094","https://openalex.org/W4386840320","https://openalex.org/W4386874836","https://openalex.org/W4386893393","https://openalex.org/W4386907387","https://openalex.org/W4386910317","https://openalex.org/W4386981810","https://openalex.org/W4387158222","https://openalex.org/W4387356292","https://openalex.org/W4387378202","https://openalex.org/W4387390364","https://openalex.org/W4387617694","https://openalex.org/W4387635121","https://openalex.org/W4387665053","https://openalex.org/W4387820722","https://openalex.org/W4387947500","https://openalex.org/W4388000629","https://openalex.org/W4388202310","https://openalex.org/W4388520388","https://openalex.org/W4389072967","https://openalex.org/W4390086837","https://openalex.org/W4390723916","https://openalex.org/W4391484411","https://openalex.org/W4391655051","https://openalex.org/W4391996564","https://openalex.org/W4392103729","https://openalex.org/W4392873825","https://openalex.org/W4393153538","https://openalex.org/W4393196641","https://openalex.org/W4393231947","https://openalex.org/W4393267827","https://openalex.org/W4393987306","https://openalex.org/W4396608701","https://openalex.org/W4399210824","https://openalex.org/W4399253720","https://openalex.org/W4399320026","https://openalex.org/W4400448985","https://openalex.org/W4400608537","https://openalex.org/W4400678448","https://openalex.org/W4401357303","https://openalex.org/W4401518309","https://openalex.org/W4402193006","https://openalex.org/W4402580984","https://openalex.org/W4403863303","https://openalex.org/W4404333646","https://openalex.org/W6600005967","https://openalex.org/W6602046083","https://openalex.org/W6609090796","https://openalex.org/W6947893166","https://openalex.org/W6977310008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"review":[2,182],"explores":[3],"the":[4,21,56,96,126,137,146,170,188,196,220],"frontiers":[5],"of":[6,24,47,58,63,98,128,139,152,173,187,191],"large":[7],"language":[8],"models":[9,100],"(LLMs)":[10],"in":[11,91,122,142,161,177,193],"psychological":[12,52,143,162],"applications.":[13],"Psychology":[14],"has":[15],"undergone":[16],"several":[17],"theoretical":[18],"changes,":[19],"and":[20,28,66,69,72,74,76,85,119,131,145,168,199],"current":[22,189],"use":[23,158],"artificial":[25],"intelligence":[26],"(AI)":[27],"machine":[29],"learning,":[30],"particularly":[31],"LLMs,":[32],"promises":[33],"to":[34,42,81,88,101,165,209,213],"open":[35],"up":[36],"new":[37],"research":[38],"directions.":[39],"We":[40,54,124,201],"aim":[41],"provide":[43],"a":[44,149,184,207],"detailed":[45],"exploration":[46],"how":[48],"LLMs":[49,59,141,159,192],"are":[50],"transforming":[51],"research.":[53],"discuss":[55],"impact":[57],"across":[60],"various":[61],"branches":[62],"psychology\u2014including":[64],"cognitive":[65],"behavioral,":[67],"clinical":[68],"counseling,":[70],"educational":[71],"developmental,":[73],"social":[75],"cultural":[77],"psychology\u2014highlighting":[78],"their":[79],"ability":[80,97],"model":[82],"patterns,":[83],"cognition,":[84],"behavior":[86],"similar":[87],"those":[89],"observed":[90],"humans.":[92],"Furthermore,":[93],"we":[94],"explore":[95],"such":[99],"generate":[102],"coherent,":[103],"contextually":[104],"relevant":[105],"text,":[106],"offering":[107],"innovative":[108],"tools":[109],"for":[110,148,211],"literature":[111],"reviews,":[112],"hypothesis":[113],"generation,":[114],"experimental":[115,117],"designs,":[116],"subjects,":[118],"data":[120,135],"analysis":[121],"psychology.":[123],"emphasize":[125],"importance":[127],"addressing":[129,219],"technical":[130],"ethical":[132,166],"challenges,":[133],"including":[134],"privacy,":[136],"ethics":[138],"using":[140],"research,":[144],"need":[147],"deeper":[150],"understanding":[151],"these":[153,175],"models\u2019":[154],"limitations.":[155],"Researchers":[156],"should":[157],"responsibly":[160,214],"studies,":[163],"adhering":[164],"standards":[167],"considering":[169],"potential":[171,197],"consequences":[172],"deploying":[174],"technologies":[176],"sensitive":[178],"areas.":[179],"Overall,":[180],"this":[181],"provides":[183],"comprehensive":[185],"overview":[186],"state":[190],"psychology,":[194],"exploring":[195],"benefits":[198],"challenges.":[200],"hope":[202],"it":[203],"can":[204],"serve":[205],"as":[206],"call":[208],"action":[210],"researchers":[212],"leverage":[215],"LLMs\u2019":[216],"advantages":[217],"while":[218],"associated":[221],"risks.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}