{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411042460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11255-1","title":"Agent-in-the-loop to distill expert knowledge into artificial intelligence models: a survey","display_name":"Agent-in-the-loop to distill expert knowledge into artificial intelligence models: a survey","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411042460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11255-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11255-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11255-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11255-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11255-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101319198","display_name":"Jiayuan Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiayuan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002746332","display_name":"Yingwei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0950-2627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101455397","display_name":"Yiqiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6901-3000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006516949","display_name":"Yihan Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-4681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihan Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055175414","display_name":"Yuanzhe Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanzhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103094691","display_name":"Shuchao Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3921-2683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuchao Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025022632","display_name":"Boshi Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6786-4806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boshi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048871276","display_name":"Yang Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8572-2907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101319198"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"fwci":6.6849,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96248379,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"9","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7590667009353638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6518220901489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4829792082309723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.4408613443374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.4379432201385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.32821667194366455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7590667009353638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6518220901489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4829792082309723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4408613443374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.4379432201385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32821667194366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11255-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11255-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11255-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11255-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11255-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11255-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3553016569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302487","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6058138561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335561","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411042460.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411042460.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W569478347","https://openalex.org/W2131953535","https://openalex.org/W2300445845","https://openalex.org/W2502007518","https://openalex.org/W2566079294","https://openalex.org/W2750620035","https://openalex.org/W2918341242","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2945759674","https://openalex.org/W2962767298","https://openalex.org/W2963677252","https://openalex.org/W2963678934","https://openalex.org/W2965762238","https://openalex.org/W2966491090","https://openalex.org/W2967890649","https://openalex.org/W2970393840","https://openalex.org/W2977942577","https://openalex.org/W3003928769","https://openalex.org/W3009183702","https://openalex.org/W3031554797","https://openalex.org/W3034368386","https://openalex.org/W3034653145","https://openalex.org/W3037169522","https://openalex.org/W3041133507","https://openalex.org/W3105662186","https://openalex.org/W3138154797","https://openalex.org/W3166157459","https://openalex.org/W3174254835","https://openalex.org/W3187304456","https://openalex.org/W3188318562","https://openalex.org/W3190995216","https://openalex.org/W3192495122","https://openalex.org/W4205737716","https://openalex.org/W4220783478","https://openalex.org/W4285603627","https://openalex.org/W4285605950","https://openalex.org/W4285735701","https://openalex.org/W4289258720","https://openalex.org/W4292289324","https://openalex.org/W4294891903","https://openalex.org/W4315631070","https://openalex.org/W4361763175","https://openalex.org/W4366549287","https://openalex.org/W4366769280","https://openalex.org/W4366813473","https://openalex.org/W4378711612","https://openalex.org/W4379931844","https://openalex.org/W4385565217","https://openalex.org/W4385571011","https://openalex.org/W4385571411","https://openalex.org/W4385572634","https://openalex.org/W4385573325","https://openalex.org/W4385763706","https://openalex.org/W4385764036","https://openalex.org/W4385764071","https://openalex.org/W4388767362","https://openalex.org/W4388848645","https://openalex.org/W4389518772","https://openalex.org/W4389524372","https://openalex.org/W4391345489","https://openalex.org/W4391399751","https://openalex.org/W4392904543","https://openalex.org/W4396831993","https://openalex.org/W4401042461","https://openalex.org/W4403790989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large-scale":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"have":[3,54,71,85],"revolutionized":[4],"many":[5,21],"general":[6],"knowledge":[7,23,42,75],"areas":[8,24],"(e.g.,":[9,25],"computer":[10],"vision":[11],"and":[12,31,94,108,132,140,171,186,194,216],"language":[13],"processing),":[14],"but":[15],"are":[16],"still":[17],"rarely":[18],"applied":[19],"in":[20,73,89,110,160,198],"expert":[22,40,74],"healthcare),":[26],"due":[27],"to":[28,59,143],"data":[29,184],"sparsity":[30],"high":[32],"annotation":[33],"expenses.":[34],"Human-in-the-loop":[35],"machine":[36],"learning":[37],"(HIL-ML)":[38],"incorporates":[39],"domain":[41],"into":[43],"the":[44,115,154,179,213],"modeling":[45],"process,":[46],"effectively":[47],"addressing":[48],"these":[49],"challenges.":[50],"Recently,":[51],"some":[52],"researchers":[53],"started":[55],"using":[56],"large":[57,69,133,141],"models":[58,70,147],"substitute":[60],"for":[61,192,200],"certain":[62],"tasks":[63],"typically":[64],"performed":[65],"by":[66],"humans.":[67],"Although":[68],"limitations":[72],"areas,":[76],"after":[77],"being":[78],"trained":[79],"on":[80,114,183],"trillions":[81],"of":[82,102,157,169,208],"examples,":[83],"they":[84],"demonstrated":[86],"advanced":[87],"capabilities":[88,97],"reasoning,":[90],"semantic":[91],"understanding,":[92],"grounding,":[93],"planning.":[95],"These":[96],"can":[98,136],"serve":[99],"as":[100],"proxies":[101],"human,":[103],"which":[104],"introduces":[105],"new":[106],"opportunities":[107],"challenges":[109],"HIL-ML":[111],"area.":[112,162],"Based":[113],"above,":[116],"we":[117,164,177,204,211],"summarize":[118,212],"a":[119,166],"more":[120],"comprehensive":[121],"framework,":[122],"Agent-in-the-Loop":[123],"Machine":[124],"Learning":[125],"(AIL-ML),":[126],"where":[127],"agent":[128],"represents":[129],"both":[130],"humans":[131],"models.":[134],"AIL-ML":[135,170,180],"efficiently":[137],"collaborate":[138],"human":[139],"model":[142,187],"construct":[144],"vertical":[145],"AI":[146],"with":[148],"lower":[149],"costs.":[150],"This":[151],"paper":[152],"presents":[153],"first":[155],"review":[156],"recent":[158],"advancements":[159],"this":[161],"First,":[163],"provide":[165],"formal":[167,190],"definition":[168],"discuss":[172],"its":[173],"related":[174],"fields.":[175],"Then,":[176],"categorize":[178],"methods":[181],"based":[182],"processing":[185],"development,":[188],"providing":[189],"definitions":[191],"each,":[193],"present":[195],"representative":[196],"works":[197],"detail":[199],"each":[201],"category.":[202],"Third,":[203],"highlight":[205,217],"relative":[206],"applications":[207],"AIL-ML.":[209],"Finally,":[210],"current":[214],"literature":[215],"future":[218],"research":[219],"directions.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
