{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410290121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11248-0","title":"Deep learning model inversion attacks and defenses: a comprehensive survey","display_name":"Deep learning model inversion attacks and defenses: a comprehensive survey","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410290121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11248-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11248-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11248-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11248-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11248-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013130114","display_name":"Wencheng Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wencheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101416293","display_name":"Song Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-4956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015361484","display_name":"Di Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-1553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051414197","display_name":"Taotao Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3624-6120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taotao Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101435447","display_name":"Yanming Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1928-9476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanming Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038171814","display_name":"Shicheng Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-9187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shicheng Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101742221","display_name":"Yiying Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0125-8308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132369690","display_name":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/018rbtf37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132369690"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiying Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132369690"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030256046","display_name":"Xu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5887-2704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I354108","display_name":"Minjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s7tkw17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I354108"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I354108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112931992","display_name":"Zhaohui Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohui Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380302","display_name":"Yan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1126-9772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013130114"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":53.9564,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99878562,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"8","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9732999801635742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6345638632774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.5871608257293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4495682120323181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3864215314388275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17545086145401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.1098690927028656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6345638632774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.5871608257293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4495682120323181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3864215314388275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17545086145401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.1098690927028656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11248-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11248-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11248-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-025-11248-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-025-11248-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-025-11248-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320985","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410290121.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410290121.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":147,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480151146","https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W2051267297","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2130486630","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2141983208","https://openalex.org/W2171301243","https://openalex.org/W2535690855","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2619579631","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2794825826","https://openalex.org/W2811973125","https://openalex.org/W2912487318","https://openalex.org/W2955161691","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2963456518","https://openalex.org/W2963882994","https://openalex.org/W2977090839","https://openalex.org/W3034957837","https://openalex.org/W3035616549","https://openalex.org/W3043638540","https://openalex.org/W3046764764","https://openalex.org/W3082016450","https://openalex.org/W3101156210","https://openalex.org/W3102785203","https://openalex.org/W3107089345","https://openalex.org/W3122848142","https://openalex.org/W3136120147","https://openalex.org/W3163837088","https://openalex.org/W3165750456","https://openalex.org/W3172312230","https://openalex.org/W3175192640","https://openalex.org/W3175386621","https://openalex.org/W3178445113","https://openalex.org/W3189913556","https://openalex.org/W3193779274","https://openalex.org/W3201322425","https://openalex.org/W3209635954","https://openalex.org/W3213559212","https://openalex.org/W4200006345","https://openalex.org/W4206426144","https://openalex.org/W4214567027","https://openalex.org/W4226117300","https://openalex.org/W4229820657","https://openalex.org/W4235860444","https://openalex.org/W4237670716","https://openalex.org/W4280598278","https://openalex.org/W4283204848","https://openalex.org/W4285605911","https://openalex.org/W4290948187","https://openalex.org/W4292335970","https://openalex.org/W4296338020","https://openalex.org/W4306867192","https://openalex.org/W4310141801","https://openalex.org/W4312307529","https://openalex.org/W4312795512","https://openalex.org/W4312809802","https://openalex.org/W4312815981","https://openalex.org/W4313459321","https://openalex.org/W4316924431","https://openalex.org/W4318242821","https://openalex.org/W4322753388","https://openalex.org/W4323922113","https://openalex.org/W4361199487","https://openalex.org/W4361801857","https://openalex.org/W4365211426","https://openalex.org/W4366957392","https://openalex.org/W4380318423","https://openalex.org/W4380785265","https://openalex.org/W4382203360","https://openalex.org/W4382450048","https://openalex.org/W4384787884","https://openalex.org/W4385156725","https://openalex.org/W4385589237","https://openalex.org/W4385805175","https://openalex.org/W4386044014","https://openalex.org/W4386076307","https://openalex.org/W4386076651","https://openalex.org/W4386211271","https://openalex.org/W4386232222","https://openalex.org/W4387482372","https://openalex.org/W4387725212","https://openalex.org/W4387872734","https://openalex.org/W4388186312","https://openalex.org/W4389000408","https://openalex.org/W4389072033","https://openalex.org/W4389195760","https://openalex.org/W4390342787","https://openalex.org/W4390871788","https://openalex.org/W4390871834","https://openalex.org/W4391020754","https://openalex.org/W4391725332","https://openalex.org/W4392024995","https://openalex.org/W4392152660","https://openalex.org/W4392384644","https://openalex.org/W4392397456","https://openalex.org/W4392450548","https://openalex.org/W4392666751","https://openalex.org/W4392796937","https://openalex.org/W4392825063","https://openalex.org/W4392925472","https://openalex.org/W4392955003","https://openalex.org/W4393032351","https://openalex.org/W4393077908","https://openalex.org/W4393146659","https://openalex.org/W4393148491","https://openalex.org/W4393157395","https://openalex.org/W4393159706","https://openalex.org/W4394597694","https://openalex.org/W4394712494","https://openalex.org/W4395098278","https://openalex.org/W4396217058","https://openalex.org/W4396817320","https://openalex.org/W4399056776","https://openalex.org/W4399316989","https://openalex.org/W4400526436","https://openalex.org/W4400772252","https://openalex.org/W4401438516","https://openalex.org/W4401726212","https://openalex.org/W4402263680","https://openalex.org/W4402671794","https://openalex.org/W4402727886","https://openalex.org/W4402876069","https://openalex.org/W4402954340","https://openalex.org/W4403296104","https://openalex.org/W4403442458","https://openalex.org/W4403754270","https://openalex.org/W4403759898","https://openalex.org/W4404006793","https://openalex.org/W4404024323","https://openalex.org/W4404102679","https://openalex.org/W4404388987","https://openalex.org/W4404569362","https://openalex.org/W4404595604","https://openalex.org/W4404624490","https://openalex.org/W4405254889","https://openalex.org/W4406317847","https://openalex.org/W4406736862","https://openalex.org/W4406880870","https://openalex.org/W4407758941","https://openalex.org/W4414837816","https://openalex.org/W6610335769","https://openalex.org/W6929210410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W3086377361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,42,169,208],"rapid":[2],"adoption":[3,17],"of":[4,39,45,86,98,130,142,185,203],"deep":[5],"learning":[6],"in":[7,48,76,119,192],"sensitive":[8],"domains":[9],"has":[10,18,56],"brought":[11],"tremendous":[12],"benefits.":[13],"However,":[14],"this":[15,120,133,153],"widespread":[16],"also":[19],"given":[20],"rise":[21],"to":[22,34,61,72,136,161,181,214],"serious":[23],"vulnerabilities,":[24],"particularly":[25],"model":[26],"inversion":[27],"(MI)":[28],"attacks,":[29,100,132],"posing":[30],"a":[31,81,95,110,158],"significant":[32],"threat":[33],"the":[35,74,77,113,125,140,183,200],"privacy":[36],"and":[37,54,66,83,89,106,109,115,127,148,167,178,188,195,206,218],"integrity":[38],"personal":[40],"data.":[41],"increasing":[43],"prevalence":[44],"these":[46],"attacks":[47,88,166,194],"applications":[49],"such":[50],"as":[51,197,199],"biometrics,":[52],"healthcare,":[53],"finance":[55],"created":[57],"an":[58],"urgent":[59],"need":[60],"understand":[62],"their":[63],"mechanisms,":[64,108],"impacts,":[65],"defense":[67,90,107],"methods.":[68],"This":[69],"survey":[70,134],"aims":[71,135],"fill":[73],"gap":[75],"literature":[78],"by":[79],"providing":[80],"structured":[82],"in-depth":[84],"review":[85],"MI":[87,99,131,165,193],"strategies.":[91],"Our":[92],"contributions":[93],"include":[94],"systematic":[96],"taxonomy":[97],"extensive":[101],"research":[102,117,163,173],"on":[103,145,164],"attack":[104],"techniques":[105],"discussion":[111],"about":[112],"challenges":[114],"future":[116],"directions":[118],"evolving":[121],"field.":[122],"By":[123],"exploring":[124],"technical":[126],"ethical":[128],"implications":[129],"offer":[137],"insights":[138],"into":[139],"impact":[141],"AI-powered":[143],"systems":[144],"privacy,":[146],"security,":[147],"trust.":[149],"In":[150],"conjunction":[151],"with":[152],"survey,":[154],"we":[155],"have":[156],"developed":[157],"comprehensive":[159],"repository":[160,170,209],"support":[162],"defenses.":[168],"includes":[171],"state-of-the-art":[172],"papers,":[174],"datasets,":[175],"evaluation":[176],"metrics,":[177],"other":[179],"resources":[180],"meet":[182],"needs":[184],"both":[186],"novice":[187],"experienced":[189],"researchers":[190],"interested":[191],"defenses,":[196],"well":[198],"broader":[201],"field":[202],"AI":[204],"security":[205],"privacy.":[207],"will":[210],"be":[211],"continuously":[212],"maintained":[213],"ensure":[215],"its":[216],"relevance":[217],"utility.":[219],"It":[220],"is":[221],"accessible":[222],"at":[223],"https://github.com/overgter/Deep-Learning-Model-Inversion-Attacks-and-Defenses":[224],".":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}