{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393983860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-10736-z","title":"A comprehensive review of artificial intelligence models for screening major retinal diseases","display_name":"A comprehensive review of artificial intelligence models for screening major retinal diseases","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393983860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-10736-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-024-10736-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-10736-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-024-10736-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-024-10736-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001125873","display_name":"Bilal Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3672-8100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilal Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Khalifa University Center for Autonomous Robotic Systems (KUCARS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Khalifa University Center for Autonomous Robotic Systems (KUCARS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025769177","display_name":"Hina Raja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-047X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171003132","display_name":"Rawalpindi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02maedm12","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171003132"]}],"countries":["PK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hina Raja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA","Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171003132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011636952","display_name":"Taimur Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-8677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117222138","display_name":"Abu Dhabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kjq03","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taimur Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017346745","display_name":"Muhammad Usman Akram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6208-7231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Usman Akram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Software Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Software Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056240813","display_name":"Hira Raja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171003132","display_name":"Rawalpindi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02maedm12","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171003132"]}],"countries":["PK","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hira Raja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA","Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171003132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103070560","display_name":"Alaa Abd\u2010Alrazaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7695-4626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152471","display_name":"Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar","ror":"https://ror.org/05v5hg569","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152471"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alaa A. Abd-alrazaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Center for Precision Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Center for Precision Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051134098","display_name":"Siamak Yousefi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5028-3764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siamak Yousefi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059512412","display_name":"Naoufel Werghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5542-448X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoufel Werghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Center for Secure Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Center for Secure Cyber-Physical Systems (C2PS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011636952"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":7.4911,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98086348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12599","display_name":"Retinal and Optic Conditions","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7136279344558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.550536572933197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47783374786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.20840537548065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.18472039699554443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7136279344558716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.550536572933197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47783374786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20840537548065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.18472039699554443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-024-10736-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-10736-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-024-10736-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-024-10736-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-10736-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-024-10736-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3223458031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CIRA-2021-052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","funder_display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5592229574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CIRA-2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","funder_display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8314852462","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AARE20-279","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","funder_display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393983860.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":382,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161113867","https://openalex.org/W257049640","https://openalex.org/W845365781","https://openalex.org/W1499359617","https://openalex.org/W1527371614","https://openalex.org/W1593107063","https://openalex.org/W1622067891","https://openalex.org/W1804882088","https://openalex.org/W1917574908","https://openalex.org/W1929670786","https://openalex.org/W1966305775","https://openalex.org/W1974969377","https://openalex.org/W1981173869","https://openalex.org/W1982966577","https://openalex.org/W1984833020","https://openalex.org/W1989763776","https://openalex.org/W1991845085","https://openalex.org/W1996222890","https://openalex.org/W1999547419","https://openalex.org/W2000642633","https://openalex.org/W2001080026","https://openalex.org/W2001330211","https://openalex.org/W2001447737","https://openalex.org/W2008101778","https://openalex.org/W2010152463","https://openalex.org/W2013107002","https://openalex.org/W2013754472","https://openalex.org/W2049822456","https://openalex.org/W2057538902","https://openalex.org/W2059370170","https://openalex.org/W2065268416","https://openalex.org/W2065816015","https://openalex.org/W2071110690","https://openalex.org/W2072842597","https://openalex.org/W2074598933","https://openalex.org/W2079390326","https://openalex.org/W2080389430","https://openalex.org/W2090373902","https://openalex.org/W2100756624","https://openalex.org/W2106883050","https://openalex.org/W2109439880","https://openalex.org/W2114063873","https://openalex.org/W2123215356","https://openalex.org/W2123242181","https://openalex.org/W2134349833","https://openalex.org/W2134542952","https://openalex.org/W2136856007","https://openalex.org/W2153110292","https://openalex.org/W2157979199","https://openalex.org/W2157984366","https://openalex.org/W2160605010","https://openalex.org/W2175684014","https://openalex.org/W2187731819","https://openalex.org/W2222796588","https://openalex.org/W2243983247","https://openalex.org/W2282833385","https://openalex.org/W2288283259","https://openalex.org/W2288495312","https://openalex.org/W2289254711","https://openalex.org/W2289913085","https://openalex.org/W2297621929","https://openalex.org/W2300084569","https://openalex.org/W2319770985","https://openalex.org/W2320700275","https://openalex.org/W2321471802","https://openalex.org/W2327793514","https://openalex.org/W2334170987","https://openalex.org/W2399208400","https://openalex.org/W2404019942","https://openalex.org/W2407436259","https://openalex.org/W2433259561","https://openalex.org/W2463610651","https://openalex.org/W2518334781","https://openalex.org/W2520010191","https://openalex.org/W2535689884","https://openalex.org/W2538311300","https://openalex.org/W2546844354","https://openalex.org/W2557439420","https://openalex.org/W2557738935","https://openalex.org/W2570893893","https://openalex.org/W2575285771","https://openalex.org/W2587499148","https://openalex.org/W2596983421","https://openalex.org/W2598442119","https://openalex.org/W2603023463","https://openalex.org/W2603250531","https://openalex.org/W2606534623","https://openalex.org/W2607394097","https://openalex.org/W2608854843","https://openalex.org/W2618773589","https://openalex.org/W2620742199","https://openalex.org/W2747229644","https://openalex.org/W2753993779","https://openalex.org/W2754540115","https://openalex.org/W2766530444","https://openalex.org/W2766593955","https://openalex.org/W2767718193","https://openalex.org/W2772059204","https://openalex.org/W2772246530","https://openalex.org/W2773475231","https://openalex.org/W2775244861","https://openalex.org/W2778306876","https://openalex.org/W2783157867","https://openalex.org/W2788633781","https://openalex.org/W2792026451","https://openalex.org/W2793119512","https://openalex.org/W2793214283","https://openalex.org/W2795078241","https://openalex.org/W2801013643","https://openalex.org/W2801196218","https://openalex.org/W2801398268","https://openalex.org/W2801475611","https://openalex.org/W2802149203","https://openalex.org/W2804179870","https://openalex.org/W2805300265","https://openalex.org/W2884563238","https://openalex.org/W2885036741","https://openalex.org/W2886281300","https://openalex.org/W2888867330","https://openalex.org/W2888905826","https://openalex.org/W2893365278","https://openalex.org/W2894529439","https://openalex.org/W2894558420","https://openalex.org/W2895202718","https://openalex.org/W2895454497","https://openalex.org/W2895693960","https://openalex.org/W2897255377","https://openalex.org/W2897610078","https://openalex.org/W2899254734","https://openalex.org/W2899728008","https://openalex.org/W2902366411","https://openalex.org/W2903117925","https://openalex.org/W2906352134","https://openalex.org/W2907525168","https://openalex.org/W2911558038","https://openalex.org/W2912072952","https://openalex.org/W2912650418","https://openalex.org/W2912806832","https://openalex.org/W2914016683","https://openalex.org/W2914438104","https://openalex.org/W2917714716","https://openalex.org/W2917831414","https://openalex.org/W2938600289","https://openalex.org/W2941942490","https://openalex.org/W2942833458","https://openalex.org/W2942953617","https://openalex.org/W2945906032","https://openalex.org/W2946133851","https://openalex.org/W2962677184","https://openalex.org/W2963730393","https://openalex.org/W2964015468","https://openalex.org/W2964944781","https://openalex.org/W2965410183","https://openalex.org/W2966028481","https://openalex.org/W2966297403","https://openalex.org/W2966347734","https://openalex.org/W2967281611","https://openalex.org/W2968097744","https://openalex.org/W2974749141","https://openalex.org/W2978135519","https://openalex.org/W2979733033","https://openalex.org/W2980302804","https://openalex.org/W2980316912","https://openalex.org/W2980444207","https://openalex.org/W2983515907","https://openalex.org/W2985431718","https://openalex.org/W2995895421","https://openalex.org/W2996071128","https://openalex.org/W2997662364","https://openalex.org/W2999851965","https://openalex.org/W3000615726","https://openalex.org/W3008861510","https://openalex.org/W3010066814","https://openalex.org/W3010373058","https://openalex.org/W3012087505","https://openalex.org/W3012376266","https://openalex.org/W3013227159","https://openalex.org/W3014231739","https://openalex.org/W3017378335","https://openalex.org/W3019637382","https://openalex.org/W3022766959","https://openalex.org/W3024295613","https://openalex.org/W3025720159","https://openalex.org/W3026810756","https://openalex.org/W3033473298","https://openalex.org/W3034417203","https://openalex.org/W3035157843","https://openalex.org/W3036782889","https://openalex.org/W3040028414","https://openalex.org/W3042340386","https://openalex.org/W3048209253","https://openalex.org/W3048333099","https://openalex.org/W3048958604","https://openalex.org/W3080116576","https://openalex.org/W3085856564","https://openalex.org/W3087413301","https://openalex.org/W3088956154","https://openalex.org/W3091479204","https://openalex.org/W3092238363","https://openalex.org/W3093752745","https://openalex.org/W3096909987","https://openalex.org/W3103831123","https://openalex.org/W3112093053","https://openalex.org/W3113225488","https://openalex.org/W3113255791","https://openalex.org/W3116177924","https://openalex.org/W3119134037","https://openalex.org/W3119578749","https://openalex.org/W3120280257","https://openalex.org/W3121304782","https://openalex.org/W3122151326","https://openalex.org/W3122440835","https://openalex.org/W3123613798","https://openalex.org/W3125402222","https://openalex.org/W3126275662","https://openalex.org/W3126348102","https://openalex.org/W3132016183","https://openalex.org/W3135441082","https://openalex.org/W3136054725","https://openalex.org/W3151233114","https://openalex.org/W3153419989","https://openalex.org/W3155153710","https://openalex.org/W3163368546","https://openalex.org/W3166195577","https://openalex.org/W3170709166","https://openalex.org/W3173270891","https://openalex.org/W3174055775","https://openalex.org/W3177310574","https://openalex.org/W3183961695","https://openalex.org/W3191564141","https://openalex.org/W3193080404","https://openalex.org/W3193170378","https://openalex.org/W3193777758","https://openalex.org/W3194165419","https://openalex.org/W3194619194","https://openalex.org/W3196430628","https://openalex.org/W3197493863","https://openalex.org/W3197787327","https://openalex.org/W3198392784","https://openalex.org/W3198602357","https://openalex.org/W3199696254","https://openalex.org/W3202794642","https://openalex.org/W3203496714","https://openalex.org/W3204113170","https://openalex.org/W3204297052","https://openalex.org/W3208047812","https://openalex.org/W3209254809","https://openalex.org/W3210837356","https://openalex.org/W3214586263","https://openalex.org/W3214678812","https://openalex.org/W3215219768","https://openalex.org/W3215736668","https://openalex.org/W4200195101","https://openalex.org/W4200198881","https://openalex.org/W4205107614","https://openalex.org/W4205370697","https://openalex.org/W4205608262","https://openalex.org/W4205927983","https://openalex.org/W4206193023","https://openalex.org/W4206273714","https://openalex.org/W4206331000","https://openalex.org/W4206470308","https://openalex.org/W4206750494","https://openalex.org/W4207081122","https://openalex.org/W4210331928","https://openalex.org/W4210621700","https://openalex.org/W4210637992","https://openalex.org/W4210736760","https://openalex.org/W4211167795","https://openalex.org/W4211228233","https://openalex.org/W4211255301","https://openalex.org/W4212778254","https://openalex.org/W4213047231","https://openalex.org/W4214550414","https://openalex.org/W4214661894","https://openalex.org/W4214760526","https://openalex.org/W4220706987","https://openalex.org/W4220747310","https://openalex.org/W4220750492","https://openalex.org/W4220753726","https://openalex.org/W4220787481","https://openalex.org/W4220792848","https://openalex.org/W4220804462","https://openalex.org/W4220823128","https://openalex.org/W4220920075","https://openalex.org/W4221043107","https://openalex.org/W4221045973","https://openalex.org/W4221163766","https://openalex.org/W4224029115","https://openalex.org/W4224311113","https://openalex.org/W4224986509","https://openalex.org/W4225246721","https://openalex.org/W4225275756","https://openalex.org/W4225424918","https://openalex.org/W4225693679","https://openalex.org/W4226212904","https://openalex.org/W4226275730","https://openalex.org/W4229004155","https://openalex.org/W4229044884","https://openalex.org/W4229059038","https://openalex.org/W4229451621","https://openalex.org/W4251275518","https://openalex.org/W4280489086","https://openalex.org/W4280573064","https://openalex.org/W4280603565","https://openalex.org/W4280627684","https://openalex.org/W4280635318","https://openalex.org/W4281287986","https://openalex.org/W4281399437","https://openalex.org/W4281481167","https://openalex.org/W4281696190","https://openalex.org/W4281763345","https://openalex.org/W4281803340","https://openalex.org/W4281839738","https://openalex.org/W4281982461","https://openalex.org/W4282020964","https://openalex.org/W4282048668","https://openalex.org/W4282562627","https://openalex.org/W4282836167","https://openalex.org/W4282928913","https://openalex.org/W4283028600","https://openalex.org/W4283773504","https://openalex.org/W4283813023","https://openalex.org/W4285090948","https://openalex.org/W4285183316","https://openalex.org/W4285731084","https://openalex.org/W4285732284","https://openalex.org/W4285733205","https://openalex.org/W4285810267","https://openalex.org/W4286002064","https://openalex.org/W4288049163","https://openalex.org/W4288441885","https://openalex.org/W4288736338","https://openalex.org/W4289929827","https://openalex.org/W4289985761","https://openalex.org/W4290829871","https://openalex.org/W4291910402","https://openalex.org/W4292060906","https://openalex.org/W4292261936","https://openalex.org/W4292338021","https://openalex.org/W4293051871","https://openalex.org/W4293078860","https://openalex.org/W4293759830","https://openalex.org/W4293920609","https://openalex.org/W4294031599","https://openalex.org/W4294243474","https://openalex.org/W4295817307","https://openalex.org/W4295916070","https://openalex.org/W4295916864","https://openalex.org/W4296959224","https://openalex.org/W4297241273","https://openalex.org/W4298113146","https://openalex.org/W4298220607","https://openalex.org/W4303520593","https://openalex.org/W4304734350","https://openalex.org/W4304779993","https://openalex.org/W4307826297","https://openalex.org/W4308076459","https://openalex.org/W4309244750","https://openalex.org/W4309643705","https://openalex.org/W4311646475","https://openalex.org/W4311765754","https://openalex.org/W4312133765","https://openalex.org/W4312338140","https://openalex.org/W4312433606","https://openalex.org/W4312602800","https://openalex.org/W4313215551","https://openalex.org/W4313238732","https://openalex.org/W4313454653","https://openalex.org/W4313480153","https://openalex.org/W4313856624","https://openalex.org/W4315490300","https://openalex.org/W4318481069","https://openalex.org/W4318773815","https://openalex.org/W4319032476","https://openalex.org/W4319600038","https://openalex.org/W4319922973","https://openalex.org/W4319992190","https://openalex.org/W4321429234","https://openalex.org/W4322766280","https://openalex.org/W4387211313","https://openalex.org/W4387967883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,90],"paper":[2,34,62,114],"provides":[3],"a":[4,83,117],"systematic":[5],"survey":[6],"of":[7,42,86,129],"artificial":[8],"intelligence":[9],"(AI)":[10],"models":[11,45],"that":[12],"have":[13],"been":[14],"proposed":[15],"over":[16],"the":[17,37,87,96,127,134],"past":[18],"decade":[19],"to":[20,48,101,124],"screen":[21,102],"retinal":[22,54,73,130],"diseases,":[23,74],"which":[24,93],"can":[25],"cause":[26],"severe":[27],"visual":[28],"impairments":[29],"or":[30],"even":[31],"blindness.":[32],"The":[33],"covers":[35],"both":[36,95],"clinical":[38],"and":[39,71,75,98],"technical":[40],"perspectives":[41],"using":[43],"AI":[44],"in":[46,51,56,109,126,133],"hosipitals":[47],"aid":[49],"ophthalmologists":[50],"promptly":[52],"identifying":[53,68],"diseases":[55],"their":[57],"early":[58],"stages.":[59],"Moreover,":[60],"this":[61,113],"also":[63],"evaluates":[64],"various":[65],"methods":[66,100],"for":[67,120],"structural":[69],"abnormalities":[70],"diagnosing":[72],"it":[76],"identifies":[77],"future":[78],"research":[79],"directions":[80],"based":[81],"on":[82],"critical":[84],"analysis":[85,132],"existing":[88],"literature.":[89],"comprehensive":[91],"study,":[92],"reviews":[94],"conventional":[97],"state-of-the-art":[99],"retinopathy":[103],"across":[104],"different":[105],"modalities,":[106],"is":[107],"unique":[108],"its":[110],"scope.":[111],"Additionally,":[112],"serves":[115],"as":[116],"helpful":[118],"guide":[119],"researchers":[121],"who":[122],"want":[123],"work":[125],"field":[128],"image":[131],"future.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
